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This article is about wars of succession in Europe. For outside Europe, see List of wars of succession. For wars of secession, see List of wars of independence. For princely wars against well-established monarchs, see princely rebellion.

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.
To inherit Holland, Ada quickly married Louis before her father was buried, triggering the Loon War. [1]

This is a list of wars of succession in Europe.

Note: Wars of succession in transcontinental states are mentioned under the continents where their capital city was located. That means that wars of succession in the Byzantine Empire and Ottoman Empire are found here whenever their capital city was located at Constantinople/ Kostantiniyye/ Istanbul in East Thrace; for Ottoman wars of succession before 1453, see List of wars of succession § Medieval Asia. Names of wars that have been given names by historians are capitalised; the others, whose existence has been proven but not yet given a specific name, are provisionally written in lowercase letters (except for the first word, geographical and personal names).

Ancient Europe

Alexander's diadochi battled about his political legacy for 46 years.
Year of the Four Emperors: a war of succession between Galba, Otho, Vitellius and Vespasian.

Medieval Europe

6th–8th century

Fontenoy confirmed the partition of Francia between emperor Louis the Pious's three sons.

9th century

10th century

11th century

In 1066, William of Normandy managed to enforce his claim to the English throne.

12th century

The Sack of Kiev (1169) was part of the 1167–1169 Kievan succession crisis between rival princely clans [43]

13th century

Entry of the Crusaders in Constantinople, Eugène Delacroix (1840). The 1204 Sack of Constantinople caused a complex series of related wars of succession in Southeastern Europe and Asia Minor, as many pretenders laid claim to the Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire's legacy.
The Battle of Worringen, the decisive confrontation of the War of the Limburg Succession, as shown in a 15th-century Brabantsche Yeesten manuscript

14th century

Siege of Orléans. The Hundred Years' War arose when the English king claimed the French throne.
The 1388 Battle of Strietfield secured Lüneburg for the House of Welf.

15th century

The Battle of St. Jakob an der Sihl (1443) during the Old Zürich War.
The Catholic Monarchs united 'Spain' after the War of the Castilian Succession.

Early modern Europe

16th century

The Jülich Succession became a European war, as the future religious balance of power depended on it.

17th century

Klushino 1610: Polish–Lithuanian hussars defeat Tsarist Russia and capture Moscow in the Time of Troubles and the Dimitriads.

18th century

During the War of the Spanish Succession, a European coalition tried to keep Spain out of French hands.
The War of the Austrian Succession grew out to an almost pan-European land war, spreading to colonies in the Americas and India. [94]

Modern Europe

19th century

The death of Frederick VII of Denmark was a cause of the Second Schleswig War (1864).
The Third Carlist War (1872–1876).

Timeline

Petar of Serbia#Civil wars Twenty Years' Anarchy Roman civil war of 350–353 Year of the Four Emperors Charles the Fat#Deposition, death, and legacy Civil wars of the Tetrarchy Year of the Five Emperors Roman–Bosporan War Pyrrhus of Epirus Koppány#Rebellion and death Siege of Laon (741) Battle of Lucofao Battle of the Frigidus Year of the Six Emperors Crisis of the Third Century Wars of the Diadochi Olga of Kiev Æthelwold's Revolt Harald Klak#The Civil War of 812–814 Frankish Civil War (715–718) Ebroin Brunhilda of Austrasia Fredegund Boudica Bosporan Civil War
Ottoman Civil War (1509–13) Ottoman Interregnum Byzantine civil war of 1352–1357 Byzantine civil war of 1341–1347 War of the Euboeote Succession Stefan the First-Crowned#Conflict over succession Battle of Pantina Romanos IV Diogenes#Betrayal Liberal Wars War of the Portuguese Succession War of the Castilian Succession Navarrese Civil War (1451–1455) Fernandine Wars Byzantine civil war of 1321–1328 Nicaean–Latin wars Fourth Crusade Carlist Wars War of the Spanish Succession Franco-Spanish War (1595–98) Catalan Civil War War of the Two Peters Castilian Civil War Rostislav Mikhailovich#His struggle for Bulgaria Alfonso VIII of Castile#Regency and civil war War of the Three Sanchos War of the Three Sanchos Fitna of al-Andalus Fitna of al-Andalus War of the Montferrat Succession Italian War of 1536–1538 Mad War Milanese War of Succession 1383–1385 Portuguese interregnum Tancred, King of Sicily#Kingship Roger II of Sicily#Rise to power in southern Italy Bohemond I of Antioch#Succession crisis Bohemond I of Antioch#Succession crisis Kalbids Piedmontese Civil War Strasbourg Bishops' War French–Breton War French–Breton War War of the Breton Succession Battle of Tinchebray Maine (province)#Norman conquest and rule (1062–1070) Franco-Prussian War War of the Quadruple Alliance War of the Mantuan Succession Succession of Henry IV of France War of the Three Henrys Italian War of 1494–1495 War of the Burgundian Succession Hundred Years' War War of the Succession of Champagne Baussenque Wars Fulco I, Margrave of Milan William the Conqueror#Duke of Normandy Civil war in Poland (1704–1706) War of the Jülich Succession Habsburg–Ottoman wars in Hungary (1526–1568) Habsburg–Ottoman wars in Hungary (1526–1568) War of the Hungarian Succession Mainz Diocesan Feud Old Zürich War Galicia–Volhynia Wars Battle of Kressenbrunn War of the Bavarian Succession Nine Years' War Hessian War#Marburg Inheritance Dispute (from 1604) Hessian War War of the Katzenelnbogen Succession Cologne Diocesan Feud Civil war in Greater Poland (1382–1385) Civil war in Greater Poland (1382–1385) Władysław the White's rebellion Władysław the White's rebellion Bremen Diocesan Feud Emeric, King of Hungary#Struggles with his brother (1196–1200) Peter, King of Hungary#Exile (1041–1044) War of the Austrian Succession Danzig rebellion War of the Succession of Stettin Saxon Fratricidal War Wars of the Rügen Succession Holy Roman Empire#Interregnum Holy Roman Empire#Interregnum Otto III, Holy Roman Emperor#Succession crsis War of the Polish Succession Düsseldorf Cow War War of the Polish Succession (1587–88) Hildesheim Diocesan Feud War of the Succession of Landshut Wars of the Lüneburg Succession Thuringian Counts' War War of the Thuringian Succession German throne dispute Frederick II, Duke of Swabia#Salian war of succession German–Polish War (1003–1018) Guelders Wars Guelders Wars First War of the Guelderian Succession War of the Flemish Succession Battle of Steppes Godfrey III, Duke of Lower Lorraine War of Devolution Utrecht war of 1481–83 Utrecht war (1456–1458) Utrecht Schism Wars of the Loon Succession War of the Limburg Succession Loon War William Clito#Count of Flanders Battle of Cassel (1071) Second Schleswig War Polish–Swedish War (1600–29) Count's Feud Hook and Cod wars Eric and Eric First Schleswig War Moscow uprising of 1682 War against Sigismund Utrecht war (1456–1458)#Aftermath (1470–1474) Lithuanian Civil War (1432–1438) War of the Brabantian Succession Battle of Lipitsa Danish Civil War#The Civil War of 1146–1157 Danish Civil War#The Civil War of 1146–1157 Russian interregnum of 1825 Jacobite risings Time of Troubles War of the Priests (Poland) Muscovite Civil War Golden Horde#Great troubles (1359–1381) Civil war era in Norway Civil war era in Norway Rebellion of 1088 Monmouth Rebellion Wyatt's rebellion Wars of the Roses Wars of the Roses Wars of Scottish Independence Wars of Scottish Independence First Barons' War Gruffydd ap Rhys II#Family feud Owain Gwynedd#Disputes with the church and succession The Anarchy Battle of Stamford Bridge Norman Conquest Cnut#Conquest of England
  •   British Isles
  •   Scandinavia, Baltics & Eastern Europe
  •   Low Countries
  •   Central Europe ( HRE)
  •   France & Italy
  •   Spain & Portugal
  •   Southeastern Europe


See also

Notes

  1. ^ Initially, William of Normandy was called William "the Bastard" by his opponents because he was an illegitimate son ( bastard) of Robert I, and therefore some Norman noblemen rejected him as successor. Later, he became known as William "the Conqueror" when he also managed to enforce his claim to the English throne with the 1066 Norman invasion of England. William's reign in Normandy itself was not unopposed until 1060, despite being largely secured since 1047.
  2. ^ Roger II of Sicily was the son of Roger "Bosso" I of Sicily, William II of Apulia was the grandson of Robert Guiscard, and Robert II of Capua was the great-grandson of Fressenda and Robert I of Capua; thus, all three descended from three different children of Tancred of Hauteville.
  3. ^ A 1870 issue of the Dutch periodical Onze Tijd ("Our Time") went as far as to name it the Tweede Spaansche Successieoorlog ("Second War of the Spanish Succession", as opposed to the "first" in 1701–1715), stating: "Although already in 1866 anyone who had been keeping a clear eye on the state of affairs should have considered a war between France and Prussia inevitable, one would likely have looked in every other place for the direct cause of that war before Spain. (...) So strange, that it is evident that finding it in the Spanish succession was the result of a monarch just looking for any kind of pretext to declare war." [97]

References

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    Nuyens, Willem Jan Frans (1873). Algemeene geschiedenis des Nederlandschen volks: van de vroegste tijden tot op onze dagen, Volumes 5-8. Amsterdam: C.L. van Langenhuysen. pp. 80–81. Retrieved 7 January 2017.
  2. ^  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain:  Mason, Charles Peter (1870). "Argaeus". In Smith, William (ed.). Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology. Vol. 1. p. 279.
  3. ^ Roisman, Joseph (2002). Brill's Companion to Alexander the Great. Leiden/Boston: Brill. pp. 74–75. ISBN  9789004217553. Retrieved 23 August 2020.
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  33. ^ Vaissète, Joseph (1841). Histoire générale de Languedoc: avec des notes et les pièces justificatives: composée sur les auteurs et les titres originaux, et enrichie de divers monumens (in French). J.-B. Paya. pp. 196–198.
  34. ^ Brian Todd Carey, Joshua B. Allfree, John Cairns (2012). Road to Manzikert: Byzantine and Islamic Warfare (527–1071), p. 339–340. ISBN  978-184884-215-1.
  35. ^ Neven Budak - Prva stoljeća Hrvatske, Zagreb, 1994., page 77
  36. ^ Martin 1995, p. 30–32, 55.
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  49. ^ "Innocentius. §3. Innocentius III". Encarta Encyclopedie Winkler Prins (in Dutch). Microsoft Corporation/Het Spectrum. 1993–2002.
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  51. ^ Gerli, E. Michael (2013). Medieval Iberia: An Encyclopedia. Abingdon: Routledge. p. 34. ISBN  9781136771620. Retrieved 18 August 2022.
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  97. ^ Onze Tijd (1870), p. 185. 5 (2).

Bibliography

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