The
gastalds (or counts) of Capua were
vassals of the
princes of Benevento until the early 840s, when Gastald Landulf began to clamour for the independence which
Salerno had recently declared. That caused a civil war in Benevento which did not cease for some ten years and by the end of the 9th century Capua was definitively independent.
In 910, the principalities of
Benevento and Capua were united by conquest (Atenulf's) and declared inseparable. This, and the inevitable co-rule of sons and brothers, causes ceaseless confusion to any historian of the period, even more so to his readers.
910–943
Landulf III, co-ruled from 901 (see directly above)
In 982, the principalities were finally ripped apart by Pandulf Ironhead's division of his vast holdings and by imperial decree, but the chronology gets no less confusing.
These princes were of the
Drengot line and served as a counterpoise to the
House of Hauteville until it had finally lost all power. The chronology here, too, can be very confusing due to the rivalry between the Robert II and
Roger II of Sicily and his sons.