Far right bands first appeared in the late 1970s.
Punk rock, and genres influenced by it, had used Nazi imagery for shock value, but those bands were usually not fascist. This changed when
Oi!, a genre of punk rock, became popular with
white power skinheads. The ambiguity of
Nazi chic can make it difficult to identify a band's intentions, especially when the bands do not express a clear political message. Academics usually identify these bands as neo-Nazi by analyzing their worldview.[1] Neo-Nazi bands may break with
white power music in that they maintain hardline Nazi beliefs.[2]: 2 In countries that were persecuted by the Nazis, bands may criticize Nazi war crimes while adopting a somewhat modified worldview.[2]: 78
^Miroslav, Mares (2011). Backes, Uwe; Moreau, Patrick (eds.). The Extreme Right in Europe: Current Trends and Perspectives.
Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. p. 287.
ISBN9783525369227.
^Finley, Laura L. (2019). "Music and Violence: Punk Music". In Finley, Laura L. (ed.). Violence in Popular Culture: American and Global Perspectives.
ABC-CLIO.
ISBN9781440854323.
^Hof, Tobias (2022). "The Rise of the Right: Terrorism in the U.S. and Europe". In Larres, Klaus; Hof, Tobias (eds.). Terrorism and Transatlantic Relations.
Palgrave Macmillan. p. 54.
ISBN978-3-030-83346-6.