A
creole language is a stable
natural language developed from a mixture of different languages. Unlike a
pidgin, a simplified form that develops as a means of communication between two or more groups, a creole language is a complete language, used in a community and
acquired by children as their
native language.
This list of creole languages links to Wikipedia articles about languages that linguistic sources identify as creoles. The "subgroups" list links to Wikipedia articles about language groups defined by the languages from which their vocabulary is drawn.
Nagamese creole, ("Naga Pidgin") is an Assamese-lexified creole language which, depending on location, has also been described and classified as an "extended pidgin" or "pidgincreole", Spoken natively by an estimated 30,000 people in the Indian northeastern state of
Nagaland, India.
Jersey Dutch, formerly spoken by
original settlers of
New Netherland, as well Black people and Native Americans in the region of Bergen, Hudson, and Passaic counties; extinct as 1960s.
Mohawk Dutch, formerly spoken in the area around
Albany, New York, by Dutch settlers, the
Mohawk nation, and people of Dutch and Mohawk descent; extinct as of early 1900s.
Negerhollands, formerly spoken in the Danish West Indies, now the U.S. Virgin Islands; extinct as of 1987 with the death of Alice Stevens.
Norteiro Creole, formerly spoken by colonial ancestors of Luso-Indian Catholics in
Vasai, Mumbai.
Southeast Asia:
Kristang language, spoken in Malaysia and Singapore with diasporas in Perth, Western Australia
Macanese Patois, or Macau creole, Pátua, spoken in Macau in China
Thai Portuguese Creole, formerly spoken in the Bangkok neighborhood of
Kudi Chin by Thai Catholics of Portuguese descent
Bayingyi, formerly spoken by the
Bayingyi people of Myanmar of mixed Burmese and Portuguese descent.
Mardijker, formerly spoken by
Mardijkers, a creole people native to
Jakarta of Indonesian, Betawi, Dutch, Portuguese, Indian, and African descent; extinct as of 2010 with the death of Oma Mimi Abrahams.