Morocco implicitly recognized the United States in 1777,[2][3] after
Sultan Mohammed III signed a decree granting American ships protection and free access to Moroccan ports.[4] The Sultan previously expressed his desire to be a "friend of the Americans".[4] Morocco formally recognized the United States on June 23, 1786, when a
treaty of peace and friendship was signed.[5]
The first official acknowledgement of the sovereignty of the United States of America was on November 16, 1776, when the first foreign salute[7] was given to the American Flag. The gun salute was given to the vessel
USS Andrew Doria in Fort Orange on the Dutch island of
St. Eustatius.[8][9] This event is known as the 'first salute'.[10]
Officially in 1783 with "The Swedish-American Treaty of Amity and Commerce". Unofficially the Swedish king Gustav III was the first head of state to recognise USA in 1777 [17] and expressed his excitement about "this new republic" in October 1786.[18]
^Klerkäng & Haverkamp, Anna & Roy T (1958). Sweden – America's First Friend. Örebro & Stockholm. pp. 4 & 8.{{
cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
link)
^von Proschwitz, Gunnar T. (1992). Letter to countess de Boufflers 1776-10-18. Wiken. p. 149.
ISBN91-7119-079-1.
^Ambrosini, Federica (1975). "Un incontro mancato: Venezia e Stati Uniti d'America (1776–1797)". Archivio Veneto. 106 (140): 136–137.
^Office of the Historian, Foreign Service Institute.
"algeria". A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776. United States Department of State. Retrieved April 14, 2023.
^Office of the Historian, Foreign Service Institute.
"Tunisia". A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776. United States Department of State. Retrieved July 13, 2020.
^
abOffice of the Historian, Foreign Service Institute.
"Russia". A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776. United States Department of State. Retrieved July 13, 2020.
^Office of the Historian, Foreign Service Institute.
"Hawaii". A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776. United States Department of State. Retrieved July 14, 2020. On December 23, 1826, the U.S. signed a treaty with the Kingdom of Hawaii thus indirectly recognizing Hawaiian independence.
^Office of the Historian, Foreign Service Institute.
"Oman". A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776. United States Department of State. Retrieved July 14, 2020. The first formal act of diplomatic engagement and recognition between the United States and the Sultanate of Oman occurred on September 21, 1833, when a bilateral treaty of Amity and Commerce was signed at Muscat by Special Agent Edmund Roberts and His Majesty Seyed Syeed bin Sultan of Muscat.
^Office of the Historian, Foreign Service Institute.
"Texas". A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776. United States Department of State. Retrieved July 14, 2020. The United States recognized Texan independence on March 3, 1837, when U.S. President Andrew Jackson nominated Alcée La Branche as Minister to Texas.
^
abOffice of the Historian, Foreign Service Institute.
"China". A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776. United States Department of State. Retrieved July 20, 2020.
^Office of the Historian, Foreign Service Institute.
"Italy". A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776. United States Department of State. Retrieved July 13, 2020. The United States officially recognized the Kingdom of Italy when it accepted the credentials of Chevalier Joseph Bertinatti as Minister Plenipotentiary of the Kingdom of Italy on April 11, 1861.
^Office of the Historian, Foreign Service Institute.
"Orange Free State". A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776. United States Department of State. Retrieved July 20, 2020. The first known act of recognition between the United States and the Republic of the Orange Free State occurred in 1871 when plenipotentiaries for the two states signed a Convention of Friendship and Commerce and Extradition on December 22, 1871.
^Office of the Historian, Foreign Service Institute.
"Kingdom of Serbia/Yugoslavia". A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776. United States Department of State. Retrieved July 13, 2020. The United States recognized the Kingdom of Serbia as a sovereign nation on October 14, 1881, with the signing of consular and commercial agreements between the two nations.
^Office of the Historian, Foreign Service Institute.
"Korea". A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776. United States Department of State. Retrieved July 13, 2020. The United States and the Kingdom of Choson (Korea) engaged in their first official diplomatic interaction on May 22, 1882, when representatives of the two states signed a treaty of amity and commerce at Chemulpo, Korea. The treaty had been negotiated with the assistance of Chinese officials, since China had for many years had influence in Korea's foreign affairs due to a historical tributary relationship between the two countries. In fact, Korea was an independent state and this fact was acknowledged in the treaty.
^Office of the Historian, Foreign Service Institute.
"Montenegro". A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776. United States Department of State. Retrieved July 13, 2020.
^Office of the Historian, Foreign Service Institute.
"Kingdom of Serbia/Yugoslavia*". A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776. United States Department of State. Retrieved July 13, 2020. On February 7, 1919, the United States recognized the Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes through a statement released to the press by the U.S. Acting Secretary of State Frank Polk. The United States considered this new state as the successor state to the Kingdom of Serbia.
^Office of the Historian, Foreign Service Institute.
"Afghanistan". A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776. United States Department of State. Retrieved July 13, 2020. The United States recognized Afghanistan on July 26, 1921, when President Warren G. Harding received a mission of the Afghan Government at the White House.
^Office of the Historian, Foreign Service Institute.
"Canada". A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776. United States Department of State. Retrieved July 14, 2020. The United States recognized Canada as an independent state with autonomous control over its foreign relations on February 18, 1927, when Vincent Massey presented his credentials in Washington as Canadian Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary.
^Office of the Historian, Foreign Service Institute.
"South Africa". A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776. United States Department of State. Retrieved July 13, 2020. The United States recognized the Union of South Africa on November 5, 1929, when President Herbert Hoover accepted the credentials of Eric Hendrik Louw as Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of the Union of South Africa.
^Office of the Historian, Foreign Service Institute.
"Iraq". A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776. United States Department of State. Retrieved July 20, 2020. The United States recognized Iraq on January 9, 1930, when Charles G. Dawes, U.S. Ambassador to the United Kingdom, signed the Anglo-American-Iraqi Convention in London.
^Office of the Historian, Foreign Service Institute.
"Union of Soviet Socialist Republics*". A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776. United States Department of State. Retrieved July 13, 2020. Normal diplomatic relations between the United States and Russia were interrupted in 1917 and were resumed on November 16, 1933, when President Franklin Roosevelt informed Soviet Foreign Minister Maxim Litvinov that the United States recognized the Government of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) and wished to establish normal diplomatic relations.
^"North America". South Korea: Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of Korea. Archived from
the original on 2015-07-22. Retrieved July 22, 2015. January 1, 1949: U.S. Official Recognition of the Republic of Korea
^
abOffice of the Historian, Foreign Service Institute.
"Vietnam". A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776. United States Department of State. Retrieved July 14, 2020.
^Office of the Historian, Foreign Service Institute.
"Bosnia and Herzegovina". A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776. United States Department of State. Retrieved July 20, 2020. The United States recognized Bosnia and Herzegovina as an independent state on April 7, 1992, when the George H.W. Bush Administration announced the decision in a White House statement.
^Office of the Historian, Foreign Service Institute.
"Slovenia". A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776. United States Department of State. Retrieved July 13, 2020. The United States recognized Slovenia as an independent state on April 7, 1992, when the George H.W. Bush Administration announced the decision in a White House statement.
^Office of the Historian, Foreign Service Institute.
"North Macedonia". A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776. United States Department of State. Retrieved July 13, 2020.
^Office of the Historian, Foreign Service Institute.
"Serbia". A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776. United States Department of State. Retrieved July 13, 2020.
^Office of the Historian, Foreign Service Institute.
"Timor-Leste". A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776. United States Department of State. Retrieved July 14, 2020.
^Office of the Historian, Foreign Service Institute.
"Kosovo". A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776. United States Department of State. Retrieved July 13, 2020. The United States recognized Kosovo's independence and agreed to establish diplomatic relations on February 18, 2008, when Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice released a press statement announcing President George W. Bush's decisions.
^Office of the Historian, Foreign Service Institute.
"South Sudan". A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776. United States Department of State. Retrieved July 14, 2020.