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The genus Pinguicula contains the 83 species of butterworts, belonging to the bladderwort family ( Lentibulariaceae). [1] It has a natural distribution across most of the Northern Hemisphere, though over half of the species are concentrated in Mexico and Central America. Siegfried Jost Casper systematically divided them into three subgenera with 15 sections. Subsequent phylogenetic research showed that many of these groupings are polyphyletic, [2] but they are used below.
Subgenus Isoloba
Section Agnata
- Pinguicula agnata
- Pinguicula albida
- Pinguicula benedicta
- Pinguicula cubensis
- Pinguicula filifolia
- Pinguicula gigantea
- Pinguicula infundibuliformis
- Pinguicula lithophytica
- Pinguicula pilosa
Section Cardiophyllum
- Pinguicula crystallina
- Pinguicula hirtiflora [3]
- Pinguicula habilii [4]
Section Discoradix
- Pinguicula casabitoana
- Pinguicula lignicola
Section Heterophyllum
- Pinguicula acuminata
- Pinguicula conzattii
- Pinguicula heterophylla
- Pinguicula imitatrix
- Pinguicula kondoi
- Pinguicula mirandae
- Pinguicula parvifolia
- Pinguicula rotundiflora
Section Isoloba
- Pinguicula caerulea – blue-flower butterwort
- Pinguicula ionantha – Godfrey's butterwort, violet butterwort
- Pinguicula lilacina
- Pinguicula lusitanica – pale butterwort
- Pinguicula lutea – yellow butterwort
- Pinguicula planifolia – Chapman's butterwort
- Pinguicula primuliflora – southern butterwort
- Pinguicula pumila – small butterwort
- Pinguicula sharpii
- Pinguicula takakii
Subgenus Pinguicula
Section Crassifolia
Section Homophyllum
Section Longitubus
- Pinguicula calderoniae
- Pinguicula crassifolia
- Pinguicula hemiepiphytica
- Pinguicula laueana
- Pinguicula utricularioides
Section Nana
- Pinguicula villosa – hairy butterwort
Section Orcheosanthus
- Pinguicula colimensis
- Pinguicula cyclosecta
- Pinguicula elizabethiae
- Pinguicula gypsicola
- Pinguicula macrophylla
- Pinguicula mesophytica
- Pinguicula moctezumae
- Pinguicula moranensis
- Pinguicula oblongiloba
- Pinguicula orchidioides (synonym P. stolonifera)
- Pinguicula zecheri
Section Orchidioides
Section Pinguicula
-
Pinguicula balcanica – Balkanian butterwort
- Pinguicula balcanica var. tenuilaciniata
- Pinguicula corsica
-
Pinguicula grandiflora – large-flowered butterwort
- Pinguicula grandiflora subsp. rosea
- Pinguicula leptoceras
-
Pinguicula longifolia – long-leaved butterwort
- Pinguicula longifolia causensis
- Pinguicula longifolia dertosensis
- Pinguicula longifolia reichenbachiana
-
Pinguicula macroceras – California butterwort
- Pinguicula macroceras var. macroceras
- Pinguicula macroceras nortensis
- Pinguicula mundi
- Pinguicula nevadensis
- Pinguicula poldinii
- Pinguicula vallisneriifolia
- Pinguicula vulgaris – common butterwort
Subgenus Temnoceras
Section Ampullipalatum
- Pinguicula antarctica
- Pinguicula calyptrata
- Pinguicula chilensis
- Pinguicula involuta
- Pinguicula jimburensis
- Pinguicula elongata
- Pinguicula ombrophilia
Section Micranthus
- Pinguicula algida
- Pinguicula alpina – Alpine butterwort
- Pinguicula ramosa
- Pinguicula variegata
Section Temnoceras
- Pinguicula clivorum
- Pinguicula crenatiloba
- Pinguicula emarginata
- Pinguicula gracilis
- Pinguicula immaculata
Incertae sedis
References, external links, and further reading
- ^ Cooper, Tom (2013-03-01). "Lentibulariaceae (The Bladderwort Family)". Tropical Biodiversity. Retrieved 2023-02-16.
- ^ Degtjareva, G. V.; Casper, S. J.; Hellwig, F. H.; Schmidt, A. R.; Steiger, J.; Sokoloff, D. D. (2006-12-11). "Morphology and nrITS Phylogeny of the Genus Pinguicula L. (Lentibulariaceae), with Special Attention to Embryo Evolution". Plant Biology. 8 (6): 778–790. Bibcode: 2006PlBio...8..778D. doi: 10.1055/s-2006-924560. ISSN 1435-8603. PMID 17058180.
- ^ "Pinguicula hirtiflora Ten. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 2024-02-17.
- ^ H. Yıldırım, S. G. Şenol & A. F. Pirhan (2012). "Pinguicula habilii (Lentibulariaceae), a new carnivorous species from South-West Anatolia, Turkey" (PDF). Phytotaxa. 64: 46–58. doi: 10.11646/phytotaxa.64.1.4.
- Casper, S. J.: Monographie der Gattung Pinguicula, (Bibliotheca Botanica, Heft 127/128), 1966, Stuttgart
- Cieslak, Thomas; Polepalli, Jai Santosh; White, Adam; Müller, Kai; Borsch, Thomas; Barthlott, Wilhelm; Steiger, Juerg; Marchant, Adam; Legendre, Laurent (2005). "Phylogenetic analysis of 'Pinguicula (Lentibulariaceae): chloroplast DNA sequences and morphology support several geographically distinct radiations". American Journal of Botany. 92 (10): 1723–1736. doi: 10.3732/ajb.92.10.1723. PMID 21646090.
- Schlauer, Jan: Carnivorous Plant Database Archived 2016-09-18 at the Wayback Machine, version Nov. 15, 16:25.