From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Islamic scientific achievements encompassed a wide range of subject areas, especially
medicine ,
mathematics ,
astronomy ,
agriculture as well as
physics ,
economics ,
engineering and
optics .
[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
[5]
Muslim scientists who have contributed significantly to
science and
civilization in the
Islamic Golden Age (i.e. from the 8th century to the 14th century) include:
Astronomers and astrologers
Physiologists
Ibn Sirin (654–728), author of work on
dreams and
dream interpretation
Al-Kindi (801–873) (Alkindus), pioneer of
psychotherapy and
music therapy
Ali ibn Sahl Rabban al-Tabari (9th century), pioneer of
psychiatry ,
clinical psychiatry and
clinical psychology
Ahmed ibn Sahl al-Balkhi (850–934), pioneer of
mental health ,
medical psychology ,
cognitive psychology ,
cognitive therapy ,
psychophysiology and
psychosomatic medicine
Al-Farabi (872–950) (Alpharabius), pioneer of
social psychology and
consciousness studies
Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi (936–1013) (Abulcasis), pioneer of
neurosurgery
[12]
Ibn al-Haytham (965–1040) (Alhazen), founder of
experimental psychology ,
psychophysics ,
phenomenology and
visual perception
Al-Biruni (973–1050), pioneer of
reaction time
Avicenna (980–1037) (Ibn Sīnā), pioneer of
neuropsychiatry ,
thought experiment ,
self-awareness and
self-consciousness
Ibn Zuhr (1094–1162) (Avenzoar), pioneer of
neurology and
neuropharmacology
[12]
Averroes , pioneer of
Parkinson's disease
[12]
Ibn Tufail (1126–1198), pioneer of
tabula rasa and
nature versus nurture
Chemists and alchemists
Economists and social scientists
Abu Hanifa an-Nu‘man (699–767), Islamic jurisprudence scholar
Abu Yusuf (731–798), Islamic jurisprudence scholar
Al-Saghani (–990), one of the earliest
historians of science
Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī (973–1048),
Anthropology ",
Indology
Ibn Sīnā (Avicenna) (980–1037), economist
Ibn Miskawayh (932–1030), economist
Al-Ghazali (Algazel) (1058–1111), economist
Al-Mawardi (1075–1158), economist
Nasīr al-Dīn al-Tūsī (Tusi) (1201–1274), economist
Ibn al-Nafis (1213–1288),
sociologist
Ibn Khaldun (1332–1406), forerunner of
social sciences such as
demography ,
cultural history ,
historiography ,
philosophy of history ,
sociology and
economics
Al-Maqrizi (1364–1442), economist
Geographers and earth scientists
Mathematicians
Philosophers
Physicists and engineers
Mimar Sinan (1489–1588), also known as Koca Mi'mâr Sinân Âğâ
Jafar al-Sadiq , 8th century
Banū Mūsā (Ben Mousa), 9th century
Abbas Ibn Firnas (Armen Firman), 9th century
Al-Saghani (d. 990)
Abū Sahl al-Qūhī (Kuhi), 10th century
Ibn Sahl , 10th century
Ibn Yunus , 10th century
Al-Karaji , 10th century
Ibn al-Haytham (Alhacen), 11th century
Iraqi scientist,
optics , and
experimental physics
Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī , 11th century, pioneer of experimental
mechanics
Ibn Sīnā/Seena (Avicenna), 11th century
Al-Khazini , 12th century
Ibn Bajjah (Avempace), 12th century
Hibat Allah Abu'l-Barakat al-Baghdaadi (Nathanel), 12th century
Ibn Rushd (Averroes), 12th century
Andalusian mathematician, philosopher and medical expert
Al-Jazari , 13th century civil engineer
Nasir al-Din Tusi , 13th century
Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi , 13th century
Kamāl al-Dīn al-Fārisī , 13th century
Ibn al-Shatir , 14th century
See also
Notes
^
Saliba, George . 1994. A History of Arabic Astronomy: Planetary Theories During the Golden Age of Islam . New York:
New York University Press .
ISBN
0-8147-8023-7 . pp. 245, 250, 256–57.
^ King, David A. (1983). "The Astronomy of the Mamluks".
Isis . 74 (4): 531–55.
doi :
10.1086/353360 .
S2CID
144315162 .
^ Hassan, Ahmad Y. 1996. "
Factors Behind the Decline of Islamic Science After the Sixteenth Century ." Pp. 351–99 in Islam and the Challenge of Modernity , edited by S. S. Al-Attas. Kuala Lumpur:
International Institute of Islamic Thought and Civilization . Archived from the
original on 2 April 2015.
^
"Contributions of Islamic scholars to the scientific enterprise" (PDF) .
^
"The greatest scientific advances from the Muslim world" .
TheGuardian.com . February 2010.
^
a
b
c
Martin-Araguz et al. 2002 .
^
"Mas'udi, al-" . Encyclopædia Britannica . 2006.
^
Gandz 1936 .
^ O'Connor, John J.;
Robertson, Edmund F. ,
"Abu'l Hasan ibn Ali al Qalasadi" ,
MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive ,
University of St Andrews
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