In 2022 a chromosome-scale reference genome was sequenced from specimens from
Yunnan, producing a 1.57 Gb sized genome with 14 chromosomes. Annotating this there were found to be 20,167 protein-coding genes, including 55 toxin and 26
spidroin (spider silk) genes.[10]
^Ushkaryov YA, Volynski KE, Ashton AC (April 2004). "The multiple actions of black widow spider toxins and their selective use in neurosecretion studies". Toxicon. 43 (5): 527–542.
doi:
10.1016/j.toxicon.2004.02.008.
PMID15066411.
^Sari I, Zengin S, Davutoglu V, Yildirim C, Gunay N (June 2008). "Myocarditis after black widow spider envenomation". The American Journal of Emergency Medicine. 26 (5): 630.e1–630.e3.
doi:
10.1016/j.ajem.2007.09.012.
PMID18534303.