Labeninae are predominantly found in Australia and South America. A few species of Labena and Grotea are found in North America. Research suggests that the family originated on
Gondwana before the break-off of Australia.[1]
Biology
Some species from the tribe Labenini have been reared from wood-boring beetles of the Coleopteran families Buprestidae, Cerambycidae, and Curculionidae.[1][2] Members of the
tribeGroteini parasitize solitary
bees; Labium wasps are known to parasitise ground-nesting, solitary bees,[3][4] while Grotea are known parasitoids of cavity-nesting, solitary bees.[1][5] Species of Poecilocryptus are thought to be
phytophagous, due to adaptations of the larval head capsule.[6] However, as with much of the Ichneumonidae, knowledge of many labenine species' ecology, biology, and evolution is extremely limited or completely lacking.[citation needed]
Genera
These genera belong to the subfamily Labeninae:[1][7][8]
^Flores-Prado, Luis; Niemeyer, H M (2012-05-30). "Host Location by Ichneumonid Parasitoids is Associated with Nest Dimensions of the Host Bee Species". Neotropical Entomology. 41 (4): 283–287.
doi:
10.1007/s13744-012-0048-6.
ISSN1519-566X.
PMID23950063.
S2CID5100022.
^
Ward, D. (2014). "Poecilocryptus zealandicus sp. n.(Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Labeninae) from New Zealand". New Zealand Entomologist. 34 (1): 37–39.
doi:
10.1080/00779962.2011.9722206.
^
Carlson, Robert W. (1979). "Ichneumonidae". In Krombein, Karl V.; Hurd, Paul D. Jr.; Smith, David R.; Burks, B.D. (eds.). Catalog of Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico. Vol. 1. Symphyta and Apocrita (Parasitica). Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press. pp. 385–386.
Townes, H.K. (1969) Genera of Ichneumonidae, Part 1 (Ephialtinae, Tryphoninae, Labiinae (=Labeninae), Adelognathinae, Xoridinae, Agriotypinae). Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 11: 1–300.