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The Kotwal also spelled as Cotwal, or Kotval, was a
title used in
medieval and
early modern period for the leader of a
Kot or
fort. Kotwals often controlled the fort of a major town or an area of smaller towns on behalf of another ruler. It was similar in function to a
British IndianZaildar[1] From
Mughal times the title was given to the local ruler of a large town and the surrounding area. However, the title is also used for leaders in small
villages as well. Kotwal has also been translated as
Chief police officer.[2] The post of Kotwal was known since ancient times as Kota pala who was the chief of Police.[3]
Among members of the
Kolicaste, Kotwal is a title, derived from the occupation of fort-keepers or protectors of forts and village leader.[4][5] Even when a Koli man retired as a Kotwal, he and his descendants would use "Kotwal" as a surname as it signified prestige.[6] Kolis were Kotwal from the times of Mughal rule in
Gujarat[7] and were hereditary Kotwal of the royal palaces of
Rajkot,
Morvi and
BhavnagarPrincely states.[8] Kolis of
Maharashtra also served as Kotwal in
Ahmadnagar Sultanate and controlled the forts.[9]