FC Bayern Munich, founded in the
bohemianMunich suburb of
Schwabing, had a Jewish leadership before the Nazis rise to power and won their first German championship in
1932 under the direction of a Jewish president and coach. In 1933 president
Kurt Landauer, director of the youth department
Otto Beer and coach
Richard Dombi had to leave the club because of their Jewish background and the club consequently declined, losing a large number of its members. Bayern, far less popular with the Nazis than local rival
TSV 1860 Munich, had very limited success in the
Gauliga Bayern during this era but continued small acts of defiance like the team acknowledging former president Landauer while on a friendly in Switzerland in 1943, where the latter had emigrated to.[9][10][11][12]
For many decades after the end of the Second World War the Jewish past and the events of the Nazi era received little attention from the side of the club until 2011 when the book Der FC Bayern und seine Juden (FC Bayern and their Jews) was published and renewed interest. Until then the club, for various reasons, had been reluctant to address its own history during the Nazi era.[10]
FK Austria Wien
FK Austria Wien, based in
Vienna, had, from its formation, been led and influenced by Jewish citizens. The club experienced little antisemitic behaviour until the Anschluss of Austria into Nazi Germany in March 1938 but this radically changed from then on. After the Anschluss Austria was forced to change its name for a time to SC Ostmark, having to evict all its Jewish members and experiencing only limited amount of success in the
Gauliga Ostmark during the time. Austria Wien's Jewish president,
Michl Schwarz [
de], escaped Nazi Germany like Bayern Munich's Kurt Landauer but had a much more difficult time evading arrest and, like Landauer, led his club once more after the
Second World War.[13]
^Oswald, Rudolf (2021). "The image of the "Judenklub" in interwar European soccer". In Brunssen, Pavel; Schüler-Springorum, Stefanie (eds.). Football and Discrimination. Routledge. pp. 37–46.
doi:
10.4324/9780429341014.
ISBN9780429341014.
^"Fußball unterm Hakenkreuz" [Football under the Swastika]. ballesterer.at (in German). 10 March 2008. Archived from
the original on 30 January 2016. Retrieved 10 June 2016.
Further reading
Schulze-Marmeling, Dietrich (2003). Davidstern und Lederball. Die Geschichte der Juden im deutschen und internationalen Fußball [Star of David and leather ball: The history of the Jews in German and international football] (in German).
Hildesheim:
Verlag Die Werkstatt.
ISBN978-3895334078.