Protests, including rallies, demonstrations, campaigns, and vigils, relating to the
IsraelāHamas war have occurred nationwide across the United States since the conflict's start on 7 October 2023, occurring as part of a broader phenomenon of the
IsraelāHamas war protests around the world.
By December 5, more than 1 million Americans had participated in protest over the conflict, across over 2,600 events: 442 in support of Israel, and 2,100 in support of Palestine.[4] An escalation of
pro-Palestinian protests on university campuses began on April 17, 2024.
As of December 5, according to Harvard's Nonviolent Action Lab and the Crowd Counting Consortium, more than 1 million Americans had participated in protests over the conflict.[13]
"Ceasefire carols" were organized by activists throughout the United States leading up to Christmas 2023. Sarah Abbott who helped organize a
carol outside
Senator Amy Klobuchar's home was quoted in
CBS Minnesota saying, "Our government is funding this genocide, white Christians have historically and currently played major roles in the perpetuation of
Zionism, and as people of conscience, we can't stand by silently."[14] Ceasefire carols were sung in
Minneapolis, Minnesota;
Louisville, Kentucky;[15]Salt Lake City, Utah;[16] and in at least 17 other cities.[14]
In February 2024, a joint report by the
Center for Constitutional Rights and
Palestine Legal found widespread legal attacks against pro-Palestinian activism, describing it as "a dangerous attack on constitutionally protected speech and association".[20]
In April 2024, USAF airman Larry Hebert, a member of
Veterans for Peace, began a hunger strike to bring attention to starving children in Gaza.[23] The
Tax Day protests were held on Tax Day (April 15). After the police crackdown of the
2024 Columbia University pro-Palestinian campus occupation on April 18,[24] Gaza solidarity encampments spread to multiple campuses across the US, including MIT, Washington University in St. Louis, University of Marland, and Tufts University.[25]
At a campaign rally in Virginia on 23 January 2024, incumbent president Joe Biden was interrupted more than a dozen times by protesters calling for a ceasefire.[27] The following day, he was interrupted by anti-war protesters in Washington D.C. during an endorsement rally held by the
United Auto Workers.[28] Following these protests, the Biden campaign took "extraordinary" steps to prevent pro-Palestinian protesters from the president, including avoiding college campuses, hiring private companies to vet attendees, and not disclosing his events' locations ahead of time.[29] On 10 March, a protester at a Biden campaign event interrupted his speech, stating, "Youāre a dictator, genocide Joe. Tens of thousands of Palestinians are dead. Children are dying."[30] Protesters interrupted Biden speaking on healthcare in North Carolina, telling him, "Hospitals in Gaza are being bombed," to which Biden replied, "They have a point. We need to get a lot more care into Gaza".[31]
On 28 March, President Joe Biden held a fundraiser for his presidential campaign at
Radio City Music Hall, accompanied by former Presidents Barack Obama and Bill Clinton, as well as other celebrities. Biden and the former presidents were repeatedly heckled during the event by pro-Palestine protesters, and a demonstration was held outside the venue to protest the Biden administration's policies in Gaza. According to
Within Our Lifetime organizer Nerdeen Kiswani, about 1,000 were in attendance.[32] In April 2024, Biden cancelled a planned
Iftar due to pushback from invited Muslim American attendees.[33] At the 2024
White House Correspondents' Dinner, protesters shouted "Shame on you!" at arriving attendees.[34]
Pro-Palestinian protests on university campuses
Universities in the United States with IsraelāHamas war protests in April 2024. Columbia University is marked in red. Other colleges that had encampments are marked in green, and non-encampment protests are marked in blue.
The different protests' varying demands include severing financial ties with Israel and its affiliated entities, transparency over financial ties,[47] and
amnesty for protesters.[48] The occupations have resulted in the closure of
Columbia University,[49]Cal Poly Humboldt,[50] and the
University of Amsterdam;[51]Portland State University pausing financial ties with
Boeing over its ties to Israel;[52] and
Trinity College Dublin agreeing to end certain investments in Israeli companies.[53] Several other universities made agreements with protesters in order for encampments to be dismantled,[54] some universities' graduation ceremonies were canceled,[55][56] and protests occurred at various graduation ceremonies in May 2024.[57][58] In response to protests, universities have suspended students, with some also expelled.[37][59]
Midwest
Illinois
An October 14 protest in Chicago called for the freeing of
hostages taken by Hamas, peace for Israelis and Palestinians, and an end to all killings of civilians.[60][61] On October 24, two men were arrested after one shot into the air and another
pepper-sprayed pro-Palestinian demonstrators at an Israel solidarity event near Chicago.[62] On
Black Friday, about 1,000 protesters marched on the
Magnificent Mile retail district to condemn violence in Gaza. Police shut down streets and snowplows were used to corral the protesters.[63] On the day before Christmas Eve, a large car caravan organized by a pro-Palestinian group blocked the
I-90 near
O'Hare International Airport.[64] On New Year's Eve, hundreds of pro-Palestinian marched in Chicago, blocking the I-90 again, as well as the
I-94.[65] On January 5 2024, protesters at
Chicago Union Station demonstrated for a ceasefire.[66]
Indiana
Pro-Israel and pro-Palestinian protests and demonstrations occurred on each side of the
Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument in
Indianapolis on October 12, 2023.[67] A pro-Palestinian protest took place on January 8, 2024, also at the Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument, where nearly 30 people attended before increasing to about 60 people, after moving to protest outside United States senator
Todd Young's residence.[68]
On April 25, a pro-Palestine protest occurred outside the residence of state governor
Eric Holcomb, which resulted in the arrests of fourteen people.[69] Additionally, protesters obstructed
Meridian Street in Indianapolis on the same day, which led to the
Indianapolis Metropolitan Police Department threatening arrests on them.[69]
Iowa
A pro-Palestine rally was held in Cowles Commons in downtown
Des Moines on October 10th with approximately 80 people attending.[70]
On October 25th, hundreds of
Grinnell College students walked out demanding that the college stop any financial support of Israel.[71] On November 4th, more than 100
University of Iowa students and community members from across Iowa gathered to rally for Palestine, calling for justice, peace and freedom from the oppression of Israel.[72] On December 17th, nearly 150 protesters gathered in two separate demonstrations in front of
Terrace Hill, the official residence of the governor of Iowa,
Kim Reynolds, as she was hosting a Christmas party. One demonstration was pro-Palestine, titled "No Justice No Christmas", while the other was in support of Iowa's Area Education Agencies (AEAs), with 40 people attending. Other protesters spoke out against recent
anti-LGBTQ+ legislation in the state and a local drag artist performed.[73]
Kansas
On November 14, 500 flags memorializing 10,000 Palestinians who died from October 7 to November 14 were placed on the lawn of Watson Library at the
University of Kansas. The event was organized by the Muslim Student Association and
Al-Hadaf KC.[74] The Muslim Student Association and Middle Eastern Student Association organized a student walk-out for Palestine on November 20 with the goal of the chancellor of the university,
Douglas Girod, releasing a statement in solidarity with Palestinian people.[75] On November 30, pro-Palestine activists organized a sit-in at Strong Hall on the University of Kansas campus and hung banners inside and outside of the building. Protesters called again for a statement from the chancellor and criticized the university's involvement in the
Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency and
U.S.-Israel Binational Science Foundation.[76][77] Over 100 activists marched down
Massachusetts Street on March 2, 2024 calling for "hands off
Rafah," for more humanitarian aid, and to vote
uncommitted in the
2024 Democratic Party presidential primary.[78]
On the first day of
Chanukah, December 7, around two dozen activists from Jewish Voice for Peace sat in
Sharice Davids'Overland Park, Kansas office calling for a ceasefire and for more humanitarian aid to Gaza. Protesters carried signs saying, "Chanukah for ceasefire" and "Stop funding genocide."[79][80]
Michigan
A group of pro-ceasefire activists gathered at the Gerald R. Ford Federal Building in
Grand Rapids,
Michigan, on November 7, resulting in three arrests for people who refused to leave the office of Representative
Hillary Scholten.[81] In Detroit, a Thanksgiving Day parade was interrupted by about 200 pro-Palestine protesters.[82] On 1 February 2024, a group of
Arab Americans protested against the arrival of Joe Biden for a campaign stop in
Dearborn.[83]
On October 10, a pro-Israel solidarity gathering took place at the Beth el Synagogue in
St. Louis Park. U.S. Senator
Amy Klobuchar spoke: "They are trying to destroy Israel. We will not let that happen."[88] On October 18, a large crowd gathered outside the
Minnesota State Capitol to support Palestinians in St. Paul.[89] On October 22, in Minneapolis, a pro-Palestinian rally took place on the
Irene Hixon Whitney Bridge. A car drove through the crowd in the afternoon and a confrontation occurred.[90] A man was arrested in
Minneapolis, Minnesota after driving through a crowd of anti-war activists.[91] On November 1, a protester interrupted a speech by
Joe Biden in Minneapolis asking him to call for a ceasefire, leading him to respond that a humanitarian "pause" was needed.[92] On November 11, hundreds of activists marched Cathedral Hill to the state capitol demanding a cease-fire.[93]
Seventy pro-ceasefire protesters demonstrated outside of Democratic presidential candidate and congressman
Dean Phillips' office in
Minnetonka, Minnesota on December 6.[94] Hundreds protested for a ceasefire outside Amy Klobuchar's office on 8 January.[95]
Missouri
On November 6, more than 75 activists blocked the entrances to the
Boeing plant in the
St. Louis suburb of
St. Charles, Missouri, where the company manufactures bombs that have been sold to the Israeli government.[96][97] About 150 activists participated in a second protest, blocking entrances again on November 21.[98][99] Pro-Palestine students at
Washington University in St. Louis (Washu) staged a
die-in to pressure the university to cut ties with Boeing.[100] Student activists from
University of Missouri-St. Louis,
Washu, and
St. Louis University called for their universities to divest and disaffiliate with Boeing over the company's weapons manufacturing in a letter endorsed by seven student groups.[101]
About 600 Kansas City residents attended a pro-Israel rally on October 9.[102] On October 15, hundreds of people gathered for a pro-Palestine protest at Mill Creek Park.[103][104] On November 8, 30 activists associated with
Al-Hadaf KC and
KC Tenants held a sit-in outside
Representative Emanuel Cleaver II's office calling for his support for the
Ceasefire Now Resolution.[105] On November 18, Cleaver called for a ceasefire, but did not sign onto the resolution.[106] In February 2024, the
Girl Scouts threatened to sue a Missouri chapter for making bracelets for starving children in Gaza, leading the chapter to leave the national organization.[107]
Northeast
On October 22, an "emergency rally for Gaza" was held in
Paterson, New Jersey.[108] On October 28, a
Princeton University staff member assaulted a pro-Palestinian protester at an off-campus event calling for ceasefire in Gaza.[109] On 20 November, three protesters were arrested in New Hampshire for demonstrating against and vandalizing the building of
Elbit Systems, a defense company.[110] On Black Friday, the Maine Coalition for Palestine held a rally near a shopping mall in
Freeport, Maine.[111]
In Merrimack, New Hampshire, three protesters were arrested and charged with riot, sabotage, criminal mischief, criminal trespass, and disorderly conduct for a pro-Palestine protest that occurred at the offices of
Elbit Systems, an Israeli "defense and homeland security business."[112][113]
On November 11, pro-Palestinian protesters gathered near Biden's residence in
Wilmington, Delaware calling for a ceasefire and accusing him of genocide.[114] On 23 January 2024, protesters outside a campaign event for Joe Biden in
Manassas, Virginia chanted, "Hey Hey, Ho Ho, Genocide Joe."[115] The
Council on American-Islamic Relations called for a federal probe into violations of international law due to a real estate event planned at a synagogue in
Teaneck, New Jersey, which would sell "stolen land" taken from Palestinians in the
Israeli-occupiedWest Bank.[116]
In Connecticut, a protest was held at the
University of Connecticut's main campus in
Storrs by the UConn SJP chapter.[120] On April 19, 2024, a pro-Palestinian protest occurred on the campus of
Yale University in
New Haven.[121] Several days later police arrested 45 protesters on the Yale campus.[122]
In Massachusetts, the
Students for Justice in Palestine organized a protest at
Harvard University in October, several days after numerous students were
doxed for publicly supporting Palestine.[125][126] A pro-Palestinian
die-in took place at
Harvard College on October 18. A
proctor in charge of overseeing freshmen was indefinitely relieved of his duties for participating.[127] On 9 November, Harvard Rabbi
Hirschy Zarchi spoke at a demonstration to pay tribute to the hostages held by Hamas, saying that anyone who justified the 7 October attack was "not just an animal. Youāre below an animal. Youāre a monster".[128] During a pro-ceasefire sit-in protest at the
University of Massachusetts Amherst, 56 students and one university employee were arrested for trespassing.[129] Students staged another "die-in" at the UMass Amherst on December 6.[130] Anti-war student protesters at
MIT were suspended for refusing to leave a campus building they were occupying.[131]
On 9 November 2023, 200 Cornell students staged a
sit-in to symbolize the lives lost on both sides of the war.[139] On 1 December 2023, students at Cornell protested outside the office of university president
Martha Pollack, holding a
mock trial where they charged her with genocide against Palestinian civilians.[140] In March 2024, a group of 24 individuals, including two staff members, were arrested and charged with trespassing for staging a
sit-in on the Cornell campus.[141][142]
New York City
General protests
On 8 October 2023, one day after
Hamas' attack on Israel, hundreds of pro-Palestinian demonstrators rallied in
Times Square, waving Palestinian flags, chanting āResistance is justified,ā ā
Globalize the Intifadaā, ā
From the river to the sea, Palestine will be freeā, āBy any means necessaryā, āGlory to our martyrsā, and āSmash the settler Zionist stateā.[143][144][145] Dozens of pro-Israeli protesters also organised a counter-protest, singing
Hatikvah and chanting āNever againā and āThe people of Israel liveā in Hebrew.[145] Tensions went high between the 2 sides, with pro-Palestinian protesters chanting "700", referring to the confirmed number of Israeli fatalities in the attack at that moment, while the pro-Israeli protesters called them "terrorists" and "murderers".[145]
In New York City, thousands demonstrated against the bombing in Gaza.[146][147] A viral video from a pro-Israel protest showed several protesters explicitly calling for
genocide against Palestinians.[148] At
Dag Hammarskjƶld Plaza, about 200 rallied on October 18 to draw attention to hostages held by Hamas. Protesters included many family members of hostages and local Jewish leaders.[149] On November 6, around 500 protesters staged a
sit-in at the
Statue of Liberty, calling for a ceasefire.[150]
Protesters gathered in front of the
New York Public Library on Thanksgiving Day. They clashed with police after being seen spray-painting
graffiti on the building.[151] Pro-ceasefire protesters from Jewish Voice for Peace shut down the
Manhattan Bridge for hours on November 26.[152] Protesters demonstrated at
Rockefeller Plaza on 25 December to call for a ceasefire.[153] On Christmas 2023, pro-Palestinian protesters clashed with the NYPD and several were arrested.[154] On 28 December, a vigil for children killed in Gaza was held in Times Square.[155] A "Flood the Bronx for Gaza" march was held in the Bronx.[156] Protesters blocked several bridges entering Manhattan on 8 January as well as a tunnel-entrance for New Jersey-bound traffic.[157][158]
On October 24, a protest organized by the Bronx Anti-War Coalition took place outside of Rep.
Ritchie Torres' office in
Fordham, Bronx. Nearby, more than 500 pro-Israel protesters, including a large number of students at
SAR Academy, organized at nearby Seton Park to support the Congressman's position.[162]
On 15 December, protesters chanted outside Chuck Schumer's office, chanting, "Schumer! Schumer! You canāt hide. Youāre supporting genocide."[163] On 7 February 2024, Jewish protesters attempted to block Joe Biden's presidential motorcade from attending a fundraiser with donors.[164] On 15 February, protesters interrupted
Tom Suozzi's victory speech, chanting, "You canāt hide! Youāre supporting genocide!"[165]
On October 26, a group of anti-war students protested at
Cooper Union in New York.[166] A group of Jewish students claimed theyād barricaded themselves in the library to hide from the "aggressive" protesters, but the
New York Police Department denied this, reporting that there had been "no danger" to the Jewish students.[167][166] The account told by the Jewish students was repeated by elected officials and media accounts, including condemnations from the
Anti-Defamation League, the
American Jewish Committee, New York Governor
Kathy Hochul, and
Manhattan Borough President
Mark Levine.[168][167][169]
Anti-war student protesters at
Columbia University reported experiencing targeted harassment.[170] Students walked out of a class taught by
Hillary Clinton's in support of Palestine after her comments against a ceasefire.[171] Pro-Palestine protesters heckled Clinton on November 29 at Columbia University's International Affairs Building and accused her of supporting
genocide.[172]
In January 2024, students at a pro-Palestine demonstration at Columbia University were attacked with
Skunk. One victim, who claimed that Palestinian friends recognized the odor as Skunk, described it as having the smell of "poop mixed with decaying animal."[173] Victims of the attack reported difficulty removing the odor from their clothes and other possessions, and that the effects of the spray including its odor, skin irritation, nausea, and dizziness continue days after the attack despite efforts to remove it.[174][175] In response, demonstrators organized a protest outside the university.[176] The incident is currently being investigated by the
New York City Police Department as a potential hate crime.[177]Students for Justice in Palestine and
Jewish Voice for Peace published a report in which they stated the perpetrators were former IDF soldiers and current Columbia students.[178]
At a pro-Palestinian rally held by students of Columbia University, protesters chanted "there is only one solution,
intifada revolution", "Yemen, Yemen make us proud, turn another ship around" (a pro-
Houthi slogan) and "
NYPD,
KKK,
IDF, theyāre all the same".[179]
On 17 April, the
campus occupation by student protestors at Columbia began, with protestors establishing the "Gaza Solidarity Encampment", which was dismantled by the NYPD but later set up again on another part of campus.[180]
Protests later spread to several other campuses, including Yale and NYU.[181][182]
On 26 April, a Columbia student who had emerged as a leader of the protest movement was barred after declaring in a video that "Zionists donāt deserve to live". Other protests groups condemned the comments, but the New York Times said they raised the question of "How much of the movement in support of the Palestinian people in Gaza is tainted by antisemitism?"[183] The Columbia encampment and many other encampments at American university campuses were ultimately cleared by police.
Institution protests
On November 10, protesters staged a sit-in at The New York Times, saying the newspaper was complicit in "laundering genocide."[184] The CEO of
the Legal Aid Society said a resolution by New York City public defenders to condemn the killing of Palestinian civilians was antisemitic.[185] On December 7,
Doctors Without Borders held a vigil outside
United Nations headquarters in honor of the medical workers killed in Gaza.[186] Thousands of members of US labor unions gathered on December 22 in support of a ceasefire.[187] Rabbis for Ceasefire prayed for a ceasefire at the UN on January 9.[188] Protesters demonstrated outside of
Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center for its collaborations with Israeli medical centers.[189] On February 11, protesters at the
Museum of Modern Art and
Brooklyn Museum called on the institutions to cut ties with donors with ties to Israel.[190] Protesters demonstrated against
AIPAC at the lobby's New York office on February 23.[191] On 14 March, protesters blocked The New York Times' distribution center.[192] Ads on
MTA subways have been replaced with pro-Palestinian messages.[193]
Event protests
On 23 November, pro-Palestinian protesters disrupted the
Thanksgiving Day Parade. Wearing white jumpsuits covered with fake blood, some glued themselves to the parade route along
Sixth Avenue near 45th street. Protesters were reported at two other locations.[194] Pro-Palestine demonstrators held a vigil and a rally outside the
Rockefeller Center during the annual lighting of the
Rockefeller Center Christmas tree.[195] Police clashed with protesters at Sixth Street and seven people were arrested.[196] On March 28, pro-Palestinian protests occurred outside a Biden fundraiser at
Radio City Music Hall.[197]
Pennsylvania
On 9 October, a pro-Israel demonstration was held outside the Kaiserman Jewish Community Center in
Wynnewood.[198]
On February 24, pro-Israel and pro-Palestine demonstrations were held simultaneously in
Lower Merion. The two groups largely avoided one another, though they briefly exchanged chants.[199]
In late April 2024, pro-Palestinian students set up protest encampments on the grounds of
Swarthmore and
Haverford College.[200]
Most pro-Palestinian demonstrations in Philadelphia have been organized or supported by the
Philly Palestine Coalition. The Coalition held its first pro-Palestinian rally since the start of the ongoing Israel-Hamas war on October 8.[198]
On October 12, pro-Palestinian demonstrators rallied outside
WHYY's Old City studio in protest of local media's coverage of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict.[201]
Multiple pro-Palestinian protests in late October were held outside the office of Senator
John Fetterman.[204]
On November 2, around 25 pro-Palestinian protestors were arrested after blocking the entrances to several Amtrak gates during a larger demonstration at
30th Street Station.[205]
On November 9, pro-Palestinian protestors held a
die-in at
City Hall.[206] Another demonstration was held outside City Hall on November 17.[207] Another was held on November 24.[208]
On December 3, pro-Palestinian protestors held a citywide demonstration with several stops, including Goldie, an Israeli restaurant owned by
Michael Solomonov. Chants directed at the restaurant by protestors were condemned by politicians, including the
Biden administration, Governor
Josh Shapiro, Senator John Fetterman, Representative
Brendan Boyle, State Representative
Ben Waxman, and State Senator
Nikil Saval. In their statements, politicians asserted that the restaurant was targeted for being Jewish-owned. The Philly Palestine Coalition denied this accusation, citing Solomonov's financial support for the Friends of
United Hatzalah, an emergency services organization partnered with the
Israel Defense Forces, Solomonov's Israeli government-appointed role as a "culinary ambassador" and allegations by former Goldie employees that they were fired for expressing pro-Palestinian beliefs.[209]
On December 10, a pro-Israel rally was held at Congregation Rodeph Shalom.[210]
On February 13, a large pro-Palestinian demonstration marched through Center City.[212]
On March 2, a pro-Palestinian protest, which began at City Hall, blocked the Benjamin Franklin Bridge for about 40 minutes. On March 3, a pro-Israel rally was held in Rittenhouse Square.[213]
On 30 March, a protest was held in Center City with hundreds in attendance. 67 people were arrested for disorderly conduct after blocking I-676.[215]
On 15 April, pro-Palestinian protestors engaged in a series of
Tax Day actions intended to "block the flow of capital" and protest US taxpayer funding for Israel. Protestors slowed traffic and staged a car caravan funeral procession on I-95. They also blocked several highway ramps at Broad and Vine Streets and protested at City Hall, the IRS offices at 30th and Market Streets, and the
Day & Zimmerman headquarters at 15th and Spring Garden Streets.[216]
On 25 April, after a march from Center City to
West Philadelphia which passed through the campuses of
Temple University and
Drexel University, pro-Palestinian protestors set up an encampment on the campus of the
University of Pennsylvania.[217] In the following days, the encampment grew in defiance of orders from the university administration to disband. Protestors vowed not to comply with ID checks by Penn police. A letter circulated by Penn Faculty for Justice in Palestine in support of the encampment collected more than 1,200 signatures.[217]
Rhode Island
On November 9, 20 Jewish students were arrested at Rhode Island's
Brown University for occupying
University Hall and demanding a ceasefire and
divestment resolution.[218] Charges against the Jewish students were dropped after a
Palestinian-American Brown University student was
shot and wounded in Burlington, Vermont.[219] At a vigil for the injured student, protesters chanted āShame! Shame! Shame!ā at president
Christina Paxson, leading her to leave the podium.[220] On December 6, 41 protesters at
Brown were charged with trespassing at University Hall for another sit-in protest to raise awareness about the same shooting in Burlington over Thanksgiving Break. On December 19, the University announced they would not be dropping the charges against the 41.[221] In February 2024, students at Brown announced they would be going on a
hunger strike to protest their university's complicity in the war.[222]
Vermont
In
Burlington, Vermont large rallies were held in support of Israel and Palestine in October 2023. The Vermont chapter of the Party for Socialism and Liberation and Vermonters for Justice in Palestine held a pro-Palestinian rally. Governor
Phil Scott, mayor
Miro Weinberger and city council president Karen Paul attended a pro-Israel rally on Church Street organized by a coalition of local Jewish leaders.[223]
On 9 November, protestors disrupted a fundraising event for
Becca Balint, demanding that she call for a ceasefire.[224]
Clashes between supporters of Israel and Palestine were reported at the
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, in front of the Wilson Library on October 12.[231] On Black Friday in
Raleigh, North Carolina, people inside Crabtree Valley Mall made a false report to 911 that shots had been fired at a pro-Palestine protest. A large police response broke up the protest.[232]
On November 12, thousands protested Texas's support of Israel in front of the
State Capitol in Austin.[233]
In Atlanta, protesters gathered outside presidential
motorcade route to
Rosalynn Carter's funeral on November 28, calling on Biden to end all aid to Israel.[234][235] A woman at the Israeli consulate in Atlanta
self-immolated in protest of the war and was described to be in a "critical condition" on December 1.[236]
On January 8, 2024, Biden was heckled with chants of "ceasefire now" during a campaign speech at
Emanuel African Methodist Episcopal Church in
South Carolina. Biden responded, "And I've been quietly working, I've been quietly working with the Israeli government to get them to reduce and significantly get out of Gaza using all that I can to do that. I understand the passion."[237][238][239]
More than 80 musicians had decided to boycott the
SXSW music festival because of the event's partnership with the US military and major defense contractors.[240]
On March 26, students at
Vanderbilt University staged a sit-in at Chancellor Daniel Diermeier's office at Kirkland Hall after the school removed an amendment to prevent student government funds from funding Israel-supporting businesses. The amendment had garnered well over the required 600 student signatures. About 30 students partook in the protest and were forcibly removed the next day, 3 were arrested, including a reporter[241] and multiple faced suspensions and imminent evictions from student housing.[242]
On April 5, protesters gathered around
Harris County Jail in Houston to demand the release of protesters arrested during a separate
Al Quds Day demonstration.[243]
In late April 2024, at a protest at
Emory University in
Atlanta,
Georgia, philosophy professor Noƫlle McAfee and economics professor
Caroline Fohlin were arrested by police, according to CNN; after Fohlin questioned the police's use of force against people she identified as students, Fohlin was taken down to the ground by police and handcuffed.[244]
Jewish activists protested for a
ceasefire on October 16 at the
White House, saying
Kaddish, singing Jewish songs, and chanting "Not in our name". 49 were arrested: 16 for blocking entrances and 33 for crossing safety barriers.[245][246] On November 15, the headquarters of the
Democratic National Committee was evacuated by the
U.S. Capitol Police during a pro-Palestine rally, organized, in part, by
IfNotNow, who reported that "police are being extremely violent" at the rally. Six officers were injured.[247] On 27 November, a group of more than a dozen state lawmakers and activists, including actress and former-gubernatorial candidate
Cynthia Nixon, launched a
hunger strike at the White House calling for a permanent ceasefire.[248] On December 11, a group of twenty Jewish senior citizens were arrested after chaining themselves to the White House fence in protest of the war.[249] On December 7, a group of doctors called for a ceasefire on
Capitol Hill.[250]
On January 13, 2024 thousands of Pro-Palestinian demonstrators gathered in Washington D.C. to protest as part of a worldwide day of protests against the war.[256]
Staffers
On November 8, more than 100 US congressional staffers staged a
walk-out, demanding a ceasefire.[257] A group of 40
White House interns sent a letter to President Biden saying they would "no longer remain silent" about the
genocide occurring in Gaza.[258] Josh Paul, a senior State Department official, resigned in protest of the US policy toward the war.[259] On 13 December, more than 100 staffers from the
Department of Homeland Security stated the department leadership had "turned a blind eye to the bombing of refugee camps, hospitals, ambulances, and civilians".[260] On 13 December, more than three dozen staffers in the Biden Administration held a rally outside the White House calling for a ceasefire.[261] On 14 January, ahead of reports that federal employees were planning a walkout in opposition to U.S. government policy in Israel, Speaker of the House
Mike Johnson stated the
House Oversight Committee would "ensure that each federal agency initiates appropriate disciplinary proceedings against any person who walks out on their job".[262]
On May 15, Lily Greenberg Call, a special assistant to the Chief of Staff with the
Interior Department became the first Jewish and fifth overall staffer to resign in protest of US support for Israel. Call alleged that Biden was using Jewish people to justify US involvement in the conflict.[263]
Officials' homes
Protesters demonstrated outside
Antony Blinken's home accusing him of participating in genocide.[264] On December 12, hecklers interrupted a speech by vice-president
Kamala Harris, demanding she call for a ceasefire.[265] A protest was held at
Lloyd Austin's home on 25 December.[266] Protesters again demonstrated outside Blinken's home, encouraging passing cars to honk their horns.[267] In late-January 2024, protesters began camping outside of Blinken's house in protest of the war.[268]
Government buildings
On October 18, about 300 protesters were arrested at a Jewish-led pro-ceasefire demonstration inside the
Cannon House Office Building.[2] On October 31, antiwar protesters interrupted a
US Senate hearing where Secretary of State
Antony Blinken and Defense Secretary
Lloyd Austin requested billions of military aid for Israel.[269] On November 3, a pro-Palestine group reported that 52 activists had been arrested for engaging in
sit-ins in US Senate offices.[270] On December 11, 51 protesters calling for a ceasefire in the Senate building were arrested.[271] On 19 December, protesters entered the
US Capitol Building to protest against the war.[272] On 17 January, 150 members from Mennonites Action were arrested at a pro-ceasefire sit-in in the US Capitol.[273] On January 14, 2024, protesters organized by
Code Pink threw baby dolls covered in fake blood at the White House as part of the "National March 4 Gaza".[274] In March 2024, protesters blocked
Pennsylvania Avenue in protest of Biden's
2024 State of the Union Address, with one demonstrator stating, "No more genocide with our tax dollars".[275]
On February 25, 2024, Aaron Bushnell,[6] an active-duty U.S. Air Force officer, self-immolated outside of the
Israeli Embassy in Washington, D.C., protesting Israel's assault on Gaza during the war. Bushnell filmed the protest and livestreamed it on
Twitch, and recorded as he walked up to the Israeli Embassy, saying "I am an active duty member, of the United States Airforce. And I will no longer be complicit to
genocide. I am about to engage in an extreme act of protest. But compared to what people have been experiencing in Palestine at their hands of their colonizersāit's not extreme at all. This is what our ruling class has decided will be normal."[276] When Bushnell arrived at the embassy gates, he set his phone down to film himself dousing his body in a clear liquid from a metal bottle. He then lit himself on fire while shouting "Free
Palestine".[277][278] Multiple police officers responded to the scene and used
fire extinguishers on Bushnell. He was transported by the
DC Fire and EMS to a local hospital where he later died from his injuries.[279] A vigil was held on 27 February in front of the Israeli Embassy in D.C. to memorialize Bushnell.[280]
West
Alaska
On February 24, about 150 protesters calling for a ceasefire in Gaza, including indigenous elders and
Juneau Assembly members Christine Woll and Paul Kelly, rallied at Marine Park in
Juneau.[281]
On May 6, the
Anchorage Assembly passed a resolution (8-4) calling for "a lasting peace in the Israeli-Hamas conflict."[282]
On May 18, about 100 protesters carrying signs calling for a ceasefire gathered for a rally outside of the
Alaska State Capitol in Juneau.[283] Governor
Mike Dunleavy had recently proposed a bill that would criminalize unpermitted street protests.[284]
Arizona
At the
University of Arizona, a rally protesting against the bombing of Gaza was cancelled due to safety fears after university president
Robert C. Robbins criticized its organizing group and urged them to conduct their protest "peacefully, safely, and civilly."[285] In March 2024, a young woman was dragged out of an event by security after interrupting
Jill Biden by stating, "Jill, when are you and the president going to call for a ceasefire in Gaza?"[286]
On October 9, thousands of demonstrators expressed solidarity with Israel on
Santa Monica Boulevard in
Beverly Hills.[290][291] A
UCLA student demonstrating support for Palestine was reportedly threatened with a knife.[292] On October 14, thousands protested against the bombings in Gaza in
Downtown Los Angeles.[293] On October 21, thousands of demonstrators protested Israeli airstrikes, denouncing Netanyahu as a "war criminal."[294] On October 29, a pro-Israeli rally was held on
Santa Monica Beach.[295] On November 4, hundreds of demonstrators marched to the Israeli Consulate in
West Los Angeles, calling for an immediate ceasefire.[296] In
Thousand Oaks, California, a
69-year-old Jewish man named Paul Kessler died after sustaining head injuries following an altercation during dueling protests on November 4.[297] On November 16, suspect Loay Alnaji was arrested on charges of involuntary manslaughter and battery with a preliminary hearing set for December 4.[298]
Protesters splashed red paint on the
Raytheon headquarters entrance sign in
El Segundo.[299][300] On Black Friday, hundreds gathered at
Pan Pacific Park in the
Fairfax District to attend a protest organized by
A.N.S.W.E.R. coalition to demand a ceasefire in Gaza.[301] On December 7, the UCLA chapter of Jewish Voice for Peace held a "Chanukah for Peace" event.[302]
Over a thousand pro-Palestine protesters assembled outside Biden's December 8 campaign fundraiser event.[303]LAPD used the term "first amendment events"[304] in regard to the protest, and the police declared the demonstration "unlawful" at 5:45 PM.[305] On 14 December, 75 Jewish protesters were arrested for blocking the
110 Freeway.[306]
On January 1, 2024, about 50 protesters calling for a ceasefire and "justice for Palestine" stopped the
Rose Parade in Pasadena for 10 minutes.[307][308]Khalid Abdalla wore a white armband and a dove pin to the
81st Golden Globe Awards to call for a ceasefire.[309] Hundreds protested outside the
Grammy Awards calling a ceasefire, while singer
Annie Lennox called for a ceasefire on stage.[310]
On February 12, hundreds protested the treatment of Palestinians in Gaza in a "Hands off Rafah" protest outside the
Wilshire Federal Building in
Westwood.[311]
On March 10, about a thousand people blocked streets at the
Dolby Theatre delaying attendees' arrival at the
96th Academy Awards. The largest groups organizing the protest belonged to the groups "Film Workers for Palestine" and "SAG-AFTRA Members for Ceasefire."[312][313] Celebrities at the event, including Oscar nominees and winners, wore Palestinian flag pins and red buttons distributed by an advocacy group called
Artists4Ceasefire.[314]
On April 10, a student led group called Pomona Divest from Apartheid at
Pomona College occupied an administration building.[315]
San Diego
On October 15, hundreds demonstrated for Gaza outside the
San Diego County Administration Building.[316] On October 21, 2023, hundreds of protesters organized by San Diego Coalition for Palestine shut down streets downtown.[317] On November 9, hundreds protested outside the headquarters of defense contractor
Northrup Grumman demanding a ceasefire. Later that same day, medical students, staff and other workers at
UC San Diego School of Medicine staged a solidarity
walkout to protest the
public health crisis in Gaza.[318] Both of these protests were part of the international "Shut it Down for Palestine" event.[319] On Black Friday, marchers through and participated in a
die-in at a mall in
Escondido.[320] On December 2, around 125 pro-Palestinian protesters disrupted a tree-lighting ceremony in
Balboa Park.[321] On December 23, protesters calling for a ceasefire marched through Balboa Park for two and half hours.[322] On April 24, dozens of Jewish and Palestinian American protesters rallied in Balboa Park and then delivered letters calling for a ceasefire to
Rep. Sara Jacobs' home down the street.[323]
On October 16, District Attorney
Brooke Jenkins posted and then deleted a post on
X where she called the demonstration of anti-war protesters a "pro-Hamas rally."[324] During the APEC conference, protesters in San Francisco demonstrated outside a fundraiser attended by
Joe Biden and Vice President
Kamala Harris, demanding an immediate ceasefire.[325] Dozens of
Code Pink anti-war protesters gathered outside of
Nancy Pelosi's home in
San Francisco on December 3 calling for a ceasefire.[326] 700 staffers at mostly progressive Jewish organizations published an open-letter to Joe Biden, calling for a ceasefire.[327]
On 29 January 2024,
Nancy Pelosi was filmed telling a protester to "Go back to China" after they asked her to a call for a ceasefire.[328] On 23 February, protesters marched inside the
Fairmont Hotel, where Joe Biden was staying during a fundraising trip, chanting, "Biden, Biden you canāt hide, we charge you with genocide".[329] Protesters also demonstrated outside his fundraising event.[330]
On April 5, 2024, a rally organized by a group called "Vigil4Gaza" protested outside of the
Palo Alto City Hall.[346] On April 17, nine Google employees were arrested on charges of trespassing after staging a sit-in at the company's Sunnyvale campus in protest against
Project Nimbus.[347]
Ports, roads, and bridges
On November 3, 200 protesters at the
Port of Oakland chained themselves to the US military supply ship
MV Cape Orlando to prevent its departure to Israel.[348][349] Anti-war protesters chained themselves together, blocking all traffic on the
San FranciscoāOakland Bay Bridge.[350][351] On December 6, hundreds of protesters laid children's shoes outside of the
Golden Gate Bridge to symbolize children killed during the conflict. Afterwards,
interfaith groups marched from both ends meeting in the middle to call for a ceasefire. One protester was arrested for climbing a flagpole and putting up a Palestine flag.[352][353][354] Protesters demonstrating against the planned
Rafah offensive blocked the Golden Gate Bridge on 16 February.[355][356] On 21 February, protesters blocked
Highway 101 to demand Biden to stop arming Israel and enact an immediate ceasefire.[357] In March 2024, a group of activists built a sign in
South San Francisco visible from airplanes taking off from
San Francisco International Airport (SFO) calling for an end of military aid to Israel.[358] Protesters at SFO shut down multiple security gates and roadways leading to the airport, holding banners that read "Stop Arming Israel".[359] On 31 March, protesters chained themselves to the
USNS Harvey Milk at Pier 32 in San Francisco.[360]
Montana
In
Missoula,
Montana, pro-Palestine protesters denounced
neo-Nazis who had tried to join their demonstration at the
Missoula County Courthouse and had called for Jews to be "stopped". Analysts said these actions were part of attempts of neo-Nazis and other far right groups to hijack pro-Palestine and anti-Israel events to promote anti-semitic and anti-immigrant ideals.[361]
Oregon
On October 29, activists in
Portland protested against the war, asking US Senator
Jeff Merkley to call for a ceasefire.[362] Pro-Palestine students protested at
Portland State University on November 8, calling for the university to cut ties with
Boeing, which sells weapons to Israel.[363] On November 17, Portland's chapter of the
Party for Socialism and Liberation organized a protest that blocked the entrance to a Boeing manufacturing plant.[364]
On May 2, a group calling itself "Rachel Corrie's Ghost Brigade" reported that it had cut through a fence at a Portland police facility and burned 17 police cars.
Rachel Corrie was an American activist who died in 2003 while protesting the IDFās destruction of Palestinian houses in Gaza; she was crushed by an Israeli bulldozer and died.[365]
Washington
On October 29, hundreds demonstrated in Seattle's
Pioneer Square to support Israel's war on Hamas.[366] On November 3,
Jewish Voice for Peace activists in
Seattle demonstrated outside the
Henry M. Jackson Federal Building, demanding US Senator
Patty Murray to call for a ceasefire.[367] On November 6, an estimated 300 people blocked the entrance of the
Port of Tacoma to prevent longshoremen from loading suspected military equipment and weapons onto the MV Cape Orlando.[368][369] On November 11, a protest organized by the "Samidoun Palestinian Prisoner Solidarity Network" blocked streets near
Westlake Center in Seattle.[370] On November 19, hundreds called for a ceasefire at the
Space Needle. The rally was organized by Jewish Voice for Peace.[371][372]
On December 7,
University of Washington police in Seattle detained 36 people for occupying an administration building with demands that the school stop funding Israel and
Boeing.[373][374] Protesters blocked and closed a highway on January 7.[375] On March 13, 2024, protesters demonstrated outside the Aerospace and Defense Summit to oppose Boeing's military ties with Israel.[376]
On November 6,
Brandeis University became the first private university in the United States to ban its student chapter of
Students for Justice in Palestine, saying that the leading factor in their decision was "the SJPās support of militant group Hamas." A student spokesperson for the SJP chapter disputed this claim, calling it "unsubstantiated" and saying "we have not received any evidence that can lead to the suppression of our right to free speech."
The Foundation for Individual Rights and Expression said that "None of the chants or slogans cited by
President Liebowitz come close to meeting the legal criteria for incitement or harassment," and that "Brandeis is punishing its students for nothing more than protected political advocacy."[377] On November 10,
Columbia University suspended its campus chapters of Students for Justice in Palestine and
Jewish Voice for Peace for repeated violations of campus event policies, thus barring them from hosting events on campus.[378] Columbia's decision was criticized by
Naomi Klein and
Noura Erakat.[379] After
Harvard University president
Claudine Gay condemned the slogan "
from the river to the sea", more than 100 faculty signed an open letter criticizing her censure.[380][381] On 14 December,
Rutgers University became the first public university to suspend its campus chapter of Students for Justice in Palestine in response to complaints of disruptive behavior and vandalism.[382] Donors to top universities in the United States withdrew millions of dollars in
donations in light of the universities' responses to Hamas' offensive.[383]
The
Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs announced on November 25 it was forming a task force to combat "those generating antisemitism on campuses" in the United States.[390] In February 2024, the
American Civil Liberties Union signed a letter to US Secretary of Education
Miguel Cardona calling on him to reject redefining antisemitism to include political criticism of the government of the state of Israel, saying it would lead to
First Amendment violations.[391]
After Bret Gustafson, a
Washu professor, posted online in support of a protest outside of the home of the president of
AIPAC, the university stated that Gustafson's views do not reflect the university's, and that they would not tolerate "discrimination, harassment or threatening behavior."[392] Jairo FĆŗnez-Flores, a professor at
Texas Tech University, was suspended for his social media posts related to the conflict.[393]
Elizabeth Magill, the president of the
University of Pennsylvania, resigned on December 9 following congressional testimony in which she asserted that the question of whether calls for genocide of Jews violate the University's code of conduct is a "context-dependent decision".[394] In January 2024,
Indiana University fired Abdulkader Sinno, a tenured political science professor, in response to political pressure from the state's Republican legislators.[395] Students at
Northwestern University faced criminal charges for publishing a pro-Palestinian parody newspaper under a law originally used to combat the
KKK.[396] The New York chapter of the
American Civil Liberties Union told
Columbia University that the university must reinstate its chapters of Jewish Voice for Peace and Students for Justice in Palestine or face a legal challenge for First Amendment violations.[397] On 12 March, the
New York Civil Liberties Union and
Palestine Legal sued Columbia University for banning the groups.[398]
Students in the United States have reported fears of losing future job opportunities for engaging in protests against military action in Gaza.[399][400] By April 2024, hundreds of students had been arrested, suspended, put on probation, and expelled, including 50 students who had been arrested at Barnard.[401]
Doxxing
The
Israel on Campus Coalition reportedly engaged in covert espionage against pro-Palestinian student organizations.[402]Accuracy in Media sent
doxxing trucks to
Yale and
Columbia, displaying the names and faces of students under a banner labeling them "leading antisemites" on campus.[403][404]Canary Mission published the identities and images of Harvard students involved in the issue of an open letter, published on October 7th, that held "the Israeli regime entirely responsible for all unfolding violence".[405][406]
Firings
Susan Sarandon was dropped in November 2023 by
United Talent Agency in response to comments she made at a pro-Palestinian rally she attended that month; Sarandon later apologized for the phrasing of her remarks.[195][407] A
Google employee was fired for "interfering with an official company-sponsored event" after he interrupted
Barak Regev by stating, "I refuse to build technology that empowers genocide".[408]
Political
Nancy Pelosi drew condemnation after suggesting that some anti-war protesters were being funded by Vladimir Putin and should be investigated by the FBI.[409]Abdullah Hammoud, the Democratic mayor of
Dearborn, Michigan, wrote: "So, based on Nancy Pelosiās remarks, 76% of Democrats / 49% of Republicans / 61% of Americans are potentially paid operatives of Russia who are pushing Putinās message of calling for a ceasefire?"[410]
Civil rights groups American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee and Palestine Legal described the response to criticism of Israel in the United States as "
McCarthyite".[414]
Legislation
Senators
Thom Tillis and
Marsha Blackburn introduced the Safe and Open Streets Act to make it a federal crime to block a public road or highway, as a way to criminalize pro-Palestinian protests.[415]
The "Antisemitism Awareness Act", spearheaded by the Republicans but also backed by many Democrats, passed the
United States House of Representatives in a 320-91 vote on May 1, 2024, and proceeded to the Senate.[416][417] The bill is intended to add the
International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance's approved
working definition of antisemitism to
title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which prohibits "exclusion from participation in, denial of benefits of, and discrimination under federally assisted programs on ground of race, color, or national origin."[418] Democratic Representative
Sara Jacobs, who is Jewish, said she opposed the bill because "it fails to effectively address the very real rise of antisemitism, all while defunding colleges and universities across the country and punishing many, if not all, of the non-violent protestors speaking out against the Israeli militaryās conduct."[419]
The proposed legislation would broaden the legal definition of antisemitism to include anti-
Zionism, criticism of the policies of the state of Israel, and concerns about Palestinian human rights, by categorizing all of that as hate speech, and it has been criticized for conflating "Judaism with Zionism in assuming that all Jews are Zionists" and automatic citizens of Israel rather than the U.S., thereby severely undermining genuine safety for Jewish citizens. It faces strong opposition from several Democratic lawmakers, Jewish organizations, and free speech advocates, including more than 800 Jewish U.S. academics, who signed a letter calling on Biden not to sign the bill.
Jeremy Ben-Ami, president of the centrist pro-Israel group
J Street, said that his organization opposes the bill because it is an "unserious" effort led by Republicans "to continually force votes that divide the Democratic caucus on an issue that shouldnāt be turned into a political football."
The
American Civil Liberties Union sees the bill as an attack on
First Amendment rights and argues that its "overbroad" definition of antisemitism "could result in colleges and universities suppressing a wide variety of speech critical of Israel or in support of Palestinian rights in an effort to avoid investigations by the Department [of Education] and the potential loss of funding."
On 24 January 2024,
Palestine Legal stated it had received reports of activists who had written social media posts "criticizing Israelās genocide of Palestinians in Gaza" being visited by the
FBI.[424] In March 2024, faculty at the
University of Pennsylvania sued the school to prevent it from sending documents related to pro-Palestinian protests on campus to Congress, stating they opposed the "new form of McCarthyism, in which accusations of anti-Semitism are substituted for insinuations of Communist leanings which were the tool of oppression in the 1950s".[425]
^
abLerer, Lisa (March 28, 2024).
"4 Presidents, 2 Events and a Preview of Campaign Clashes to Come". The New York Times.
ISSN0362-4331.
Archived from the original on March 30, 2024. Retrieved March 30, 2024. Nearly all Democratic Party officials, politicians and strategists stand behind his effort. Yet, he has faced sustained opposition from a vocal minority of progressives who have protested the war in Gaza, through protest votes and event disruptions.
^"US college protests: Who are the student groups and others involved". Reuters. April 30, 2024. Retrieved April 30, 2024. Among the lead student groups in the coalition are the Columbia chapters of Jewish Voice for Peace and Students for Justice in Palestine. The two decades-old anti-Zionism advocacy groups that protest Israel's military occupation have chapters across the country that have been key to protests on other campuses.
^Treisman, Rachel (May 1, 2024).
"How some faculty members are defending student protesters, in actions and in words". NPR.
Archived from the original on May 2, 2024. Retrieved May 2, 2024. It's one of several schools around the country where professors are getting arrested at demonstrations, circulating letters in support of arrested protesters and holding no-confidence votes in their administrations.
Makoii, Akhtar (May 8, 2024).
"Pro-Palestinian protesters project 'student intifada' slogan onto university". The Telegraph.
Archived from the original on May 9, 2024. Retrieved May 9, 2024. Police cleared a pro-Palestinian tent encampment at George Washington University on Wednesday after protesters projected a US flag in flames and slogans including "Long live the student intifada" onto a building overnight.
Alvarez, Maximillian (May 3, 2024).
"Inside the 'Student Intifada': A roundtable with campus organizers". The Real News Network.
Archived from the original on May 9, 2024. Retrieved May 9, 2024. It is being called the Student Intifada, a grassroots protest movement spreading to different college and university campuses around the country involving students at over a hundred campuses, setting up encampments, occupations and protests (...)
Starr, Michael (May 7, 2024).
"'Student intifada here to stay': Harvard activists defy suspension threat". The Jerusalem Post.
Archived from the original on May 10, 2024. Retrieved May 9, 2024. Anti-Israel activists groups defied Harvard University warnings that their protest encampment must dissolve under threat of suspension, proclaiming the campus occupation movement a "student intifada" in a press conference on Monday.
McGrew, Sarah (November 14, 2023).
"200 Milwaukeeans join 'March for Israel' in Washington D.C."TMJ4 News.
Archived from the original on November 14, 2023. Retrieved November 16, 2023. 100,000 people from around the country gathered for the march. Together they are asking for the release of Israeli hostages in Gaza and are asking Congress to act to stop the increase in anti-Semitism since the Israel-Hamas war began on Oct. 7. "We're joining tens of thousands of others in the Jewish community and our allies. We stand in solidarity with Israel," Rosenzweig said.
Sforza, Lauren (November 14, 2023).
"Here's what we know about DC's March for Israel rally". The Hill.
Archived from the original on November 14, 2023. Retrieved November 16, 2023. Multiple news outlets have reported that organizers said there could be as many as 100,000 people in attendance for the rally.