From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Genus of damselflies
Ischnura is a genus of
damselflies known as forktails (or sometimes bluetails ) in the family
Coenagrionidae .
[2]
Forktails are distributed worldwide, including various oceanic islands. The males have a forked projection at the tip of the abdomen which gives the group their common name.
[3]
Characteristics
Forktails are small or very small damselflies. The compound eyes of mature individuals have a dark upper region and contrasting lower part. The thorax is often green and may have lateral stripes and the abdomen in males is black with a blue tip. Females of some species are
polymorphic , some being orangish and darkening with age, while others resemble the male.
[3]
Species
The genus Ischnura includes the following species:
[4]
[5]
Ischnura abyssinica Martin, 1908
Ischnura acuticauda Lieftinck, 1959
Ischnura albistigma Fraser, 1927
Ischnura aralensis Haritonov, 1979
Ischnura ariel Lieftinck, 1949
Ischnura asiatica (Brauer, 1865) – Redtail
[6]
Ischnura aurora Brauer, 1865 – Aurora Bluetail
[6]
Ischnura barberi Currie, 1903 – Desert Forktail
[7]
Ischnura buxtoni Fraser, 1927
Ischnura capreolus (Hagen, 1861)
Ischnura cardinalis Kimmins, 1929
Ischnura cervula Selys, 1876 – Pacific Forktail
[7]
Ischnura chingaza Realpe, 2010
Ischnura chromostigma Fraser, 1927
Ischnura cruzi De Marmels, 1987
Ischnura cyane Realpe, 2010
Ischnura damula Calvert, 1902 – Plains Forktail
[8]
Ischnura demorsa (Hagen, 1861) – Mexican Forktail
[8]
Ischnura denticollis (Burmeister, 1839) – Black-fronted Forktail
[7]
[9]
Ischnura dorothea Fraser, 1924
Ischnura elegans (vanderLinden, 1823) – Blue-tailed Damselfly
[10]
Ischnura erratica Calvert, 1895 – Swift Forktail
[7]
Ischnura evansi Morton, 1919 – Blue-banded Damsel[
citation needed ]
Ischnura ezoin (Asahina, 1952)
Ischnura filosa Schmidt, 1951
Ischnura fluviatilis Selys, 1876
Ischnura forcipata Morton, 1907
Ischnura fountaineae Morton, 1905 – Oasis Bluetail
[11]
Ischnura gemina (Kennedy, 1917) – San Francisco Forktail
[7]
Ischnura genei (Rambur, 1842) – Island Bluetail
[11]
Ischnura graellsii (Rambur, 1842) – Iberian Bluetail
[11]
Ischnura haemastigma Fraser, 1927
Ischnura hastata (Say, 1839) – Citrine Forktail
[7]
Ischnura heterosticta (Burmeister, 1839) – Common Bluetail
[6]
Ischnura inarmata Calvert, 1898
Ischnura indivisa (Ris, 1918)
Ischnura intermedia Dumont 1974
Ischnura isoetes Lieftinck, 1949
Ischnura karafutonis Matsumura, 1931 [
citation needed ]
Ischnura kellicotti Williamson, 1898 – Lilypad Forktail
[12]
Ischnura luta Polhemus, Asquith & Miller, 2000
Ischnura ordosi Bartenev, 1912
Ischnura pamelae Vick & Davies, 1988
Ischnura perparva Selys, 1876 – Western Forktail
[7]
[12]
Ischnura posita (Hagen, 1861) – Fragile Forktail
[9]
[12]
Ischnura prognata (Hagen, 1861) – Furtive Forktail
[12]
Ischnura pruinescens (Tillyard, 1906) – Colourful Bluetail
[6]
Ischnura pumilio (Charpentier, 1825) – Small Bluetail or Scarce Blue-tailed Damselfly
[10]
Ischnura ramburii (Selys, 1850) – Rambur's Forktail
[7]
Ischnura rhodosoma Lieftinck, 1959
Ischnura rubella Navás, 1934
Ischnura rufostigma Selys, 1876
Ischnura rufovittata (Blanchard, 1843)
Ischnura saharensis Aguesse, 1958 – Sahara Bluetail
[13]
Ischnura sanguinostigma Fraser, 1953
Ischnura senegalensis (Rambur, 1842) – Marsh Bluetail
[14]
Ischnura spinicauda Brauer, 1865
Ischnura stueberi Lieftinck, 1932
Ischnura taitensis Selys, 1876
Ischnura thelmae Lieftinck, 1966
Ischnura ultima Ris, 1908
†
Ischnura velteni Bechly, 2000
[15]
Ischnura verticalis (Say, 1839) – Eastern Forktail
[9]
[12]
Ischnura vinsoni Fraser, 1949
References
Wikimedia Commons has media related to
Ischnura .
^ Charpentier, T. (1840).
Libellulinae Europaeae Descriptae et Depictae (in Latin). Leipzig: Leopold Voss. pp. 180 [20].
hdl :
2027/nyp.33433011575317 .
^
"Genus Ischnura Charpentier, 1840" .
Australian Faunal Directory .
Australian Biological Resources Study . 2012. Retrieved 3 April 2017 .
^
a
b Paulson, Dennis (2009).
Dragonflies and Damselflies of the West . Princeton University Press. p. 107.
ISBN
978-1-4008-3294-1 .
^ Paulson, D.; Schorr, M.; Abbott, J.; Bota-Sierra, C.; Deliry, C.; Dijkstra, K.-D.; Lozano, F. (2023).
"World Odonata List" . OdonataCentral,
University of Alabama . Retrieved 14 Mar 2023 .
^
"Odonata species list" .
Swedish Museum of Natural History . Archived from
the original on 17 January 2011. Retrieved 11 August 2010 .
^
a
b
c
d Günther Theischinger; John Hawking (2006). The complete field guide to dragonflies of Australia . CSIRO Publishing.
ISBN
0-643-09073-8 .
^
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
"California Damselflies" . Dragonflies (Odonata) of the Southwest . Archived from
the original on 2009-09-23.
^
a
b
"Species List: Damselflies" . azdragonfly.net . Archived from
the original on 2011-07-21. Retrieved 2010-08-13 .
^
a
b
c Abbott, John (2008). Dragonflies and Damselflies (Odonata) of Texas, Vol 3 . Odonata Survey of Texas.
ISBN
978-0-615-19494-3 .
^
a
b
"Checklist of UK Species" .
British Dragonfly Society . Retrieved 5 August 2010 .
^
a
b
c
"Checklist, English common names" . DragonflyPix.com. Archived from
the original on 4 December 2012. Retrieved 5 August 2010 .
^
a
b
c
d
e
"North American Odonata" . University of Puget Sound. 2009. Retrieved 5 August 2010 .
^ Samraoui, B. & Dijkstra, K.-D.B. (2010).
"Ischnura saharensis " .
IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2010 : e.T165477A6031236.
doi :
10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-3.RLTS.T165477A6031236.en . Retrieved 24 December 2017 .
^ Sharma, G.; Clausnitzer, V. (2016).
"Ischnura senegalensis " .
IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016 : e.T59897A75436136.
doi :
10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T59897A75436136.en . Retrieved 15 November 2021 .
^ Toussaint, E. F. A.; Bybee, S. M.; Erickson, R. J.; Condamine, F. L. (8 February 2019). "Forest giants on different evolutionary branches: Ecomorphological convergence in helicopter damselflies". Evolution . 73 (5): 1045–1054.
doi :
10.1111/evo.13695 .
PMID
30734925 .
S2CID
73426853 .