Incarvillateine's pain-killing effect was partially blocked by administration of
naloxone,[2]norbinaltorphimine and
beta-funaltrexamine,[3] which are receptor antagonists with varying selectivity for
mu and
kappa opioid receptors.
Naltrindole, a
delta opioid receptor antagonist, did not counteract the analgesic activity of incarvillateine.[3]
These findings indicate that incarvillateine may possess
opioidergic receptor activity, but it is worthy to note that some studies indicate that naloxone was ineffective at countering incarvillateine's analgesic activity.[4]
Adenosinergic
Incarvillateine's
antinociceptive effect was blocked by the administration of
adenosine receptor
antagonists such as
theophylline. This suggests that incarvillateine's main mechanism of action is mediated through the adenosine receptor.[4]
References
^Nakamura, M.; Chi, Y. M.; Yan, W. M.; Nakasugi, Y.; Yoshizawa, T.; Irino, N.; Hashimoto, F.; Kinjo, J.; Nohara, T. (1999-09-01). "Strong antinociceptive effect of incarvillateine, a novel monoterpene alkaloid from Incarvillea sinensis". Journal of Natural Products. 62 (9): 1293–1294.
doi:
10.1021/np990041c.
ISSN0163-3864.
PMID10514316.
^Ichikawa, Masaya; Takahashi, Masaki; Aoyagi, Sakae; Kibayashi, Chihiro (2004). "Total Synthesis of (−)-Incarvilline, (+)-Incarvine C, and (−)-Incarvillateine". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 126 (50): 16553–16558.
doi:
10.1021/ja0401702.
PMID15600360.