Tāj al-Dīn Abū'l-Faḍl Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Karīm ibn Abd al-Rahman ibn Abdullah ibn Ahmad ibn Isa ibn Hussein ibn ʿAṭā Allāh
al-Judhami al-Iskandarī al-Shādhilī was an Egyptian
Malikite jurist,
muhaddith and the third
murshid (spiritual "guide" or "master") of the
ShadhiliSufi order.
Life
He was born in
Alexandria and taught at both the al-Azhar Mosque and the Mansuriyyah
madrasa in
Cairo. He was responsible for systematizing Shādhilī doctrines and recording the biographies of the order's founder,
Abu-l-Hassan ash-Shadhili, and his successor,
Abu al-Abbas al-Mursi. He is credited with having authored the first systematic treatise on
dhikr, The Key to Salvation (Miftāḥ al-Falāḥ), but is mostly known for his compilation of
aphorisms, the Ḥikam al-ʿAtā‘iyya.
Ibn ʿAṭā Allāh was one of those who confronted
Ibn Taymiyya, who was jailed several times for his views on religious issues and for his perceived excesses in attacking the Sufis.[3]
Kitab al-Lata’if fi manaqib Abi l-‘Abbas al-Mursi wa Shaykhihi Abi l Hasan (The Subtle Blessings in the Saintly Lives of Abu l-‘Abbas al-Mursi and His Master Abu l-Hassan)[5]
Miftah al-falah wa misbah al-anwah (The Key of Success and the Lamps of Spirits).[6]
Kitab al-Tanwir fi isqat al-Tadbir (The Illumination on Abandoning Self-Direction)[7]
Al-Qasd al-mujarrad fi ma’rifat al-Ism al-Mufrad (The Pure Goal Concerning Knowledge of the Unique Name)[8]
Taj al-arus al-hawi li-tahdhib an-nufus (The Bride’s Crown Containing the Discipline of Souls)[9]
Unwan at-tawfiq fi adab at-tariq (The Sign of Success Concerning the Discipline of the Path)[10]
The wide circulation of Ibn ʿAṭā Allāh's written works led to the spread of the Shādhilī order in
North Africa, where the order's founder had been rejected in earlier attempts. The
Wafai Sufi order was also derived from his works.[11]
Commentaries on the Ḥikam have been made by some of the most famous masters of the
Shadhili order such as
Ibn Abbad al-Rundi,
Ahmad Zarruq and
Ahmad ibn Ajiba as well as non-Shadhilis like the Syrian Islamic law Professor
Sa'id Ramadan al-Bouti. A modern English translation of Ḥikam by Muhammed Nafih Wafy was published under the title "The Book of Aphorism" by Islamic Book Trust in Malaysia in 2010.[12]
References
^
abDanner, Victor (1978). The Book of Wisdom (Classics of Western Spirituality). Paulist Press. p. 37.
ISBN0809121824.
^Lewis, B.; Menage, V.L.; Pellat, Ch.; Schacht, J. (1986) [1st. pub. 1971]. Encyclopaedia of Islam. Vol. III (H-Iram) (New ed.). Leiden, Netherlands: Brill. p. 722.
ISBN9004081186.
^Lewis, B.; Menage, V.L.; Pellat, Ch.; Schacht, J. (1986) [1st. pub. 1971]. Encyclopaedia of Islam. Vol. III (H-Iram) (New ed.). Leiden, Netherlands: Brill. p. 723.
ISBN9004081186.
^For a translation of this work see Danner, V. 1973, Sufi Aphorisms, E. J. Brill, Leiden; 1978, The Book of Wisdom, Paulist Press, New York.
^For a translation of this work see Roberts, N. 2005, The Subtle Blessings in the Saintly Lives of Abu al-Abbas al-Mursi & His Master Abu al-Hasan, Fons Vitae, Louisville.
^For a translation of this work see Danner, M. A. K. 1996, The Key to Salvation, The Islamic Texts Society, Cambridge.
^For a translation of this work see Siddique, O. (trans) 2022, The Illumination on Abandoning Self-Direction, Dhikr, Sydney.
^For a translation of this work see Williams, K. 2018, The Pure Intention: On Knowledge of the Unique Name, The Islamic Texts Society, Cambridge.
^For a translation of this work see Jackson, S. A. 2012, Sufism for Non-Sufis?, Oxford University Press, New York.
^For a translation of this work see Al-Tarjumana, A. A. R. (trans.) 2005, Self-Knowledge Commentaries on Sufic Songs, Madinah Press, Capetown.