Heemstede (Dutch pronunciation:[ˈɦeːmsteːdə]ⓘ) is a town and a municipality in the Western
Netherlands, in the
province of
North Holland. In 2021, it had a population of 27,545. Located just south of the city of
Haarlem on the border with
South Holland, it is one of the richest municipalities of the Netherlands.[5]
History
Heemstede formed around the
Castle Heemstede that was built overlooking the
Spaarne River around 1286. Before 1296,
Floris V, Count of Holland, granted Heemstede as a fiefdom to Reinier of Holy. During the 14th century, a village formed near the castle, which was destroyed and rebuilt several times in this period. A resident of this castle was
Adriaan Pauw, who bought it in 1620. In 1653,
Bennebroek split off from Heemstede, becoming a separate fiefdom.
Growth was slow; in 1787 Heemstede counted 196 families. Even at that early date Heemstede had gained the reputation it has today, of being primarily a "
bedroom community" for the cities of
Haarlem and
Amsterdam. Wealthy city families left the cities in the summer, escaping "canal fever" which caused illness from the putrid canals. As a result, many estates were built in the 17th and 18th centuries, some of which (partially) remain today, such as Oud-Berkenroede,
Berkenrode, Ipenrode,
Huis te Manpad,
Hartekamp, Bosbeek, Meer en Bosch, Meer en Berg, and Gliphoeve.
In 1857, the municipality
Berkenrode was merged with Heemstede. In 1927, the northern portion of Heemstede, including a large part of the
Haarlem Forest, was added to the city of Haarlem.
Vrijheidsbeeld (Freedom Statue), statue by
Mari Andriessen to celebrate freedom and commemorate Heemstede victims of the
Dutch Revolt. Located on the Vrijheidsdreef in Groenendaal park.
Slot Heemstede: The site of the former Heemstede castle.
Hartekamp: Heemstede summer home of George Clifford, who hired
Linnaeus to write his '
Hortus Cliffortianus', a detailed catalogue of the plant specimens in the herbarium and gardens of Hartecamp. George Clifford's house is closed to the public, but the surrounding gardens are used as a campus and are open to visitors.
Linnaeusbos (Linnaeus Forest): Originally a part of Hartekamp that was planted by George Clifford and documented by
Linnaeus. In 2007, Heemstede celebrated Linnaeus's 300th birthday.
De Naald: The 'needle' is a monument placed by D.J. van Lennep to honour Witte van Haemstede, the saviour of
Haarlem at a battle which on 26 April 1304 and to honor the wounded of another battle fought against the Spanish on 8 July 1573. Both battles supposedly took place right at the corner of David Jacob van Lennep's house
Huis te Manpad, where the monument stands.
^"Postcodetool for 2101HA". Actueel Hoogtebestand Nederland (in Dutch). Het Waterschapshuis. Archived from
the original on 21 September 2013. Retrieved 5 March 2014.