From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Genus of spiders
Harpactea is a
genus of
woodlouse hunting spiders that was first described by
W. S. Bristowe in 1939.
[2] They are non-web building predators that forage on the ground and on tree trunks at night, mainly in
xerothermic forests. During the day, they hide in
silk retreats they build under rocks or bark.
[3]
H. sadistica was found to use
traumatic insemination , the arthropod behavior of directly inserting its sperm into the body cavity of females. It is the first time it has ever been observed in spiders.
[4]
H. hombergi is the only member of its genus that occurs in
Great Britain .
[5]
Description
Like all
woodlouse hunters , Harpactea have six eyes. The
type species ,
H. hombergi , can grow up to a body length of 6 millimetres (0.24 in). Males and females are similar, but the female has no
epigyne .
[5]
Like the rest of their family, they are
nocturnal . Unlike them, Harpactea do not specialize on hunting
woodlice . H. rubicunda also hunts
Drassodes and other spiders, but most Harpactea feed on insects in addition to woodlice.
Species
Almost all species of this genus appear to be
endemic to small regions of the
Mediterranean .
[3] As of January 2022
[update] it contains 188 species from
Europe and
Northern Africa to
Turkmenistan and
Iran :
[1]
H. abantia (
Simon , 1885) – Greece
H. achsuensis Dunin, 1991 – Azerbaijan
H. acuta Beladjal & Bosmans, 1997 – Algeria
H. aeoliensis Alicata, 1973 – Italy
H. agnolettii
Brignoli , 1978 – Turkey
H. alanyana Özkütük, Elverici, Marusik & Kunt, 2015 – Turkey
H. albanica (
Caporiacco , 1949) – Albania
H. alexandrae Lazarov, 2006 – Bulgaria, Romania, Ukraine, Russia (Europe)
H. algarvensis Ferrández, 1990 – Portugal
H. alicatai Brignoli, 1979 – Italy (Sardinia)
H. angustata (Lucas, 1846) – Algeria
H. antoni Bosmans, 2009 – Greece
H. apollinea Brignoli, 1979 – Greece
H. arguta (Simon, 1907) – France, Italy
H. armenica Dunin, 1989 – Armenia
H. arnedoi Kunt, Elverici, Özkütük & Yağmur, 2011 – Turkey
H. asparuhi Lazarov, 2008 – Bulgaria
H. auresensis Bosmans & Beladjal, 1991 – Algeria
H. auriga (Simon, 1911) – Algeria
H. aurigoides Bosmans & Beladjal, 1991 – Algeria
H. azerbajdzhanica Dunin, 1991 – Azerbaijan
H. azowensis
Charitonov , 1956 – Ukraine, Russia (Europe)
H. babori (Nosek, 1905) – Bulgaria, Greece, Turkey
H. ballarini Kunt, Özkütük & Elverici, 2013 – Turkey
H. blasi Ribera & Ferrández, 1986 – Spain
H. brachati Wunderlich, 2020 – Turkey
H. buchari Dunin, 1991 – Azerbaijan
H. bulgarica Lazarov & Naumova, 2010 – Macedonia, Bulgaria
H. caligata Beladjal & Bosmans, 1997 – Algeria
H. carusoi Alicata, 1974 – Italy, Tunisia
H. catholica (Brignoli, 1984) – Greece (Crete)
H. caucasia (
Kulczyński , 1895) – Russia (Caucasus), Georgia
H. cecconii (Kulczyński, 1908) – Cyprus
H. cesari Van Keer, 2009 – Greece
H. chreensis Bosmans & Beladjal, 1989 – Algeria
H. christae Bosmans & Beladjal, 1991 – Algeria
H. christodeltshevi Bayram, Kunt & Yağmur, 2009 – Turkey
H. clementi Bosmans, 2009 – Greece, Turkey
H. coccifera Brignoli, 1984 – Greece (Crete)
H. colchidis Brignoli, 1978 – Turkey
H. complicata Deltshev, 2011 – Serbia
H. corinthia Brignoli, 1984 – Greece
H. corticalis (Simon, 1882) – France, Italy
H. cressa Brignoli, 1984 – Greece (Crete)
H. cruriformis Bosmans, 2011 – Greece
H. damini Pavlek & Arnedo, 2020 – Croatia
H. dashdamirovi Dunin, 1993 – Azerbaijan
H. decebali Nae, 2021 – Romania
H. deelemanae Dunin, 1989 – Armenia
H. deltshevi Dimitrov & Lazarov, 1999 – Bulgaria
H. digiovannii Gasparo, 2014 – Greece
H. diraoi Brignoli, 1978 – Turkey
H. dobati Alicata, 1974 – Turkey
H. doblikae (
Thorell , 1875) – Ukraine (mainland, Crimea)
H. dufouri (Thorell, 1873) – Spain
H. dumonti Bosmans & Beladjal, 1991 – Algeria
H. eskovi Dunin, 1989 – Georgia, Armenia
H. fageli Brignoli, 1980 – Portugal, Spain
H. forceps Varol & Danışman, 2018 – Turkey
H. forcipifera (Simon, 1911) – Algeria
H. gaditana Pesarini, 1988 – Spain
H. galatica Brignoli, 1978 – Turkey
H. gennargentu Wunderlich, 1995 – Italy (Sardinia)
H. globifera (Simon, 1911) – Algeria
H. gobustanica (Nuruyeva & Huseynov, 2022) – Azerbaijan
H. golovatchi Dunin, 1989 – Armenia
H. gridellii (Caporiacco, 1951) – Italy
H. grisea (
Canestrini , 1868) – Switzerland, Austria, Italy, Slovenia
H. gunselorum Gücel, Fuller, Göçmen & Kunt, 2018 – Cyprus
H. hauseri Brignoli, 1976 – Greece
H. heizerensis Bosmans & Beladjal, 1991 – Algeria
H. heliconia Brignoli, 1984 – Greece
H. henschi (Kulczyński, 1915) – Bosnia-Hercegovina
H. herodis Brignoli, 1978 – Israel
H. hispana (Simon, 1882) – Spain, France
H. hombergi (Scopoli, 1763) (
type ) – Europe
H. hyrcanica Dunin, 1991 – Azerbaijan
H. ice Komnenov & Chatzaki, 2016 – Greece
H. incerta Brignoli, 1979 – Greece
H. incurvata Bosmans & Beladjal, 1991 – Algeria
H. indistincta Dunin, 1991 – Russia (Caucasus), Azerbaijan
H. innupta Beladjal & Bosmans, 1997 – Algeria
H. isaurica Brignoli, 1978 – Turkey
H. johannitica Brignoli, 1976 – Greece
H. kalaensis Beladjal & Bosmans, 1997 – Algeria
H. kalavachiana Gücel, Charalambidou, Göçmen & Kunt, 2019 – Cyprus
H. karabachica Dunin, 1991 – Azerbaijan
H. karaschkhan Kunt, Özkütük, Elverici, Marusik & Karakaş, 2016 – Turkey
H. kareli Bosmans & Beladjal, 1991 – Algeria
H. kencei Kunt, Elverici, Özkütük & Yağmur, 2011 – Turkey
H. konradi Lazarov, 2009 – Bulgaria
H. korgei Brignoli, 1979 – Turkey
H. krueperi (Simon, 1885) – Greece
H. krumi Lazarov, 2010 – Bulgaria
H. kubrati Lazarov, 2008 – Bulgaria
H. kulczynskii Brignoli, 1976 – Greece
H. lazarovi Deltshev, 2011 – Bulgaria
H. lazonum Brignoli, 1978 – Turkey
H. lepida (
C. L. Koch , 1838) – Europe
H. loebli Brignoli, 1974 – Greece
H. logunovi Dunin, 1992 – Russia (Caucasus), Georgia
H. longitarsa Alicata, 1974 – Algeria, Tunisia
H. longobarda Pesarini, 2001 – Spain (Balearic Is.), Italy, Ukraine
H. maelfaiti Beladjal & Bosmans, 1997 – Algeria
H. magnibulbi Machado & Ferrández, 1991 – Portugal
H. major (Simon, 1911) – Algeria
H. mariae Komnenov, 2014 – Macedonia
H. martensi Dunin, 1991 – Azerbaijan
H. mateparlovi Pavlek & Arnedo, 2020 – Croatia
H. mcheidzeae Dunin, 1992 – Georgia
H. medeae Brignoli, 1978 – Turkey
H. mehennii Bosmans & Beladjal, 1989 – Algeria
H. mentor Lazarov & Naumova, 2010 – Bulgaria
H. mertensi Bosmans & Beladjal, 1991 – Algeria
H. minoccii Ferrández, 1982 – Spain
H. minuta Alicata, 1974 – Tunisia
H. mithridatis Brignoli, 1979 – Turkey, Georgia
H. mitidjae Bosmans & Beladjal, 1991 – Algeria
H. modesta Dunin, 1991 – Russia (Caucasus), Azerbaijan
H. monicae Bosmans & Beladjal, 1991 – Algeria
H. mouzaiensis Bosmans & Beladjal, 1989 – Algeria
H. muscicola (Simon, 1882) – France (Corsica)
H. nachitschevanica Dunin, 1991 – Azerbaijan
H. nausicaae Brignoli, 1976 – Macedonia, Greece
H. nenilini Dunin, 1989 – Armenia
H. nuragica Alicata, 1966 – Italy (Sardinia)
H. oglasana Gasparo, 1992 – Italy
H. oranensis Bosmans & Beladjal, 1991 – Algeria
H. ortegai Ribera & De Mas, 2003 – Spain
H. osellai Brignoli, 1978 – Turkey
H. ouarsenensis Bosmans & Beladjal, 1991 – Algeria
H. ovata Beladjal & Bosmans, 1997 – Algeria
H. paradoxa Dunin, 1992 – Georgia
H. parthica Brignoli, 1980 – Iran, Turkmenistan?
H. persephone Gasparo, 2011 – Greece (Crete)
H. petrovi Lazarov & Dimitrov, 2018 – Bulgaria
H. piligera (Thorell, 1875) – Italy
H. pisidica Brignoli, 1978 – Turkey
H. popovi Dimitrov, Deltshev & Lazarov, 2019 – Bulgaria
H. proxima Ferrández, 1990 – Portugal
H. pugio Varol & Akpınar, 2016 – Turkey
H. punica Alicata, 1974 – Algeria, Tunisia
H. reniformis Beladjal & Bosmans, 1997 – Algeria
H. rubicunda (C. L. Koch, 1838) – Europe, Georgia
H. rucnerorum Polenec & Thaler, 1975 – Croatia
H. ruffoi Alicata, 1974 – Tunisia
H. rugichelis Denis, 1955 – Lebanon
H. sadistica Řezáč, 2008 – Israel
H. saeva (Herman, 1879) – Slovakia, Hungary, south-eastern Europe to Ukraine
H. salvatorei Platania & Arnedo, 2020 – Italy
H. samuili Lazarov, 2006 – North Macedonia, Bulgaria, Greece
H. sanctaeinsulae Brignoli, 1978 – Turkey
H. sanctidomini Gasparo, 1997 – Italy
H. sardoa Alicata, 1966 – Italy
H. sbordonii Brignoli, 1978 – Turkey
H. sciakyi Pesarini, 1988 – Spain
H. secunda Dunin, 1989 – Armenia
H. senalbensis Beladjal & Bosmans, 1997 – Algeria
H. serena (Simon, 1907) – Spain, France
H. sicula Alicata, 1966 – Italy (Sicily), Malta
H. simovi Deltshev & Lazarov, 2018 – Bulgaria
H. sinuata Beladjal & Bosmans, 1997 – Algeria
H. spasskyi Dunin, 1992 – Ukraine (Crimea), Russia (Caucasus)
H. spirembolus Russell-Smith, 2011 – Greece
H. srednagora Dimitrov & Lazarov, 1999 – Macedonia, Bulgaria
H. stalitoides Ribera, 1993 – Portugal
H. stoevi Deltshev & Lazarov, 2018 – Bulgaria
H. strandi (Caporiacco, 1939) – Italy
H. strandjica Dimitrov, 1997 – Bulgaria, Turkey
H. strinatii Brignoli, 1979 – Greece
H. sturanyi (Nosek, 1905) – Greece, Turkey, Georgia
H. subiasi Ferrández, 1990 – Portugal
H. talyschica Dunin, 1991 – Azerbaijan
H. tavirensis Wunderlich, 2020 – Portugal
H. tenuiemboli Deltshev, 2011 – Serbia
H. tergestina Gasparo, 2014 – Italy
H. terveli Lazarov, 2009 – Bulgaria, Turkey
H. thaleri Alicata, 1966 – Switzerland, Italy
H. undosa Beladjal & Bosmans, 1997 – Algeria
H. vagabunda Dunin, 1991 – Azerbaijan
H. vignai Brignoli, 1978 – Turkey
H. villehardouini Brignoli, 1979 – Greece
H. wolfgangi Komnenov & Chatzaki, 2016 – Greece
H. yakourensis Beladjal & Bosmans, 1997 – Algeria
H. zaitzevi Charitonov, 1956 – Georgia, Azerbaijan, Armenia
H. zannonensis Alicata, 1966 – Italy
H. zjuzini Dunin, 1991 – Azerbaijan
H. zoiai Gasparo, 1999 – Greece
References
Further reading
External links