Gruner + Jahr is a
publishing house headquartered in
Hamburg, Germany.[1] The company was founded in 1965 by
Richard Gruner [
de],
John Jahr [
de], and
Gerd Bucerius.[2] From 1969 to 1973,
Bertelsmann acquired a majority share in the company and gradually increased it over time. After 2014, the company was a fully owned subsidiary of the
Gütersloh-based media and services group.[3] Under the leadership and innovation strategy of
Julia Jäkel,[4][5] Gruner + Jahr evolved into a publishing house producing cross-channel media products for the digital society.[6][7][8]
With more than 500 magazines and digital products and services, Gruner + Jahr is one of Europe's largest premium magazine publishing companies.[9][10] Its activities primarily focus on Germany and France.[11] Among the most well-known media brands are Brigitte, Capital, Geo, and Stern, along with Chefkoch.de and Stern.de.[10][12] In addition, Gruner + Jahr owns a share in
Spiegel Verlag.[13]
In August 2021,
RTL Deutschland announced the acquisition of Gruner + Jahr for €230 million euros. The deal was completed on January 11, 2022, from which point the Gruner + Jahr became a brand of the RTL Deutschland group.[14] The company was later renamed to RTL Publishing.
History
1965–1969
Gerd Bucerius, Richard Gruner, and John Jahr in 1968
Gruner + Jahr was founded in 1965 by Richard Gruner, John Jahr, and Gerd Bucerius.[15] Bucerius and Jahr published
magazines, and Gruner ran a
printing firm.[16] The impetus for the three entrepreneurs to merge was the need to achieve positive
economies of scale, for example with regard to purchasing paper for the printing firms or to the distribution of magazines via reading circles.[2] The merger was promoted mainly by Gerd Bucerius,[17] and the magazines that the
shareholders brought into the company formed the basis for the joint business of Gruner + Jahr.[18] The key magazines were, among others, Brigitte, Capital, Stern, and Schöner Wohnen. By 1965, they had a joint circulation running into the millions.[19] The company Gruner + Jahr was established as a
limited liability partnership, in which Gruner held 39.5%, Jahr 32.3%, and Bucerius 28.2% of the shares.[18] By 1968, sales had grown to over 400 million Deutsche Mark. This made Gruner + Jahr Germany's largest press company at the time, next to
Axel Springer.[20]
In 1969, Richard Gruner stepped down from the company. Differences concerning the political and strategic orientation of the publishing house prompted this move.[16][21] Gruner gave up his shares to his co-shareholders, Bucerius and Jahr, who for a short time each owned 50%.[22] Both subsequently sold 25% of Gruner + Jahr to Bertelsmann.[23][24] In 1970, Bucerius and Jahr transitioned into the newly created
supervisory board, and management responsibility was entrusted to a five-person
executive board.[25] In 1971, with a view to strengthening the management's independence, the company converted the general partner (shareholder with unlimited liability) of Gruner + Jahr into a
stock corporation.[26] Following his retirement from the operative business, in 1973 Bucerius swapped his shares in Gruner + Jahr for an equity stake in Bertelsmann. As a result, the group advanced to become the majority shareholder in Gruner + Jahr,[15] and, by 1975, Bertelsmann had increased its share to a total of 74.9%.[3] Upon the retirement of Bucerius, the rights to the weekly newspaper Die Zeit were transferred to a foundation in order to safeguard the publication's business independence over the long term.[27]
1960s, 70s and 80s
In the 1960s and 1970s, the business of Gruner + Jahr was initially focused on expanding activities in the German market.[26] An example of this was the acquisition of minority shareholdings in Spiegel Verlag and Vereinigte Motor-Verlage (today
Motor Presse Stuttgart [
de]) in the year 1971.[28][29] At the end of the 1970s, the company then embarked on a period of expansion abroad: In France, the subsidiary Participations Edition Presse (today
Prisma Media [
fr]) was established in 1978,[30] and that same year, Gruner + Jahr acquired the Spanish publishing company
Cosmos Distribuidora [
es] and the US printing firm
Brown Printing. In the 1980s, additional shareholdings and subsidiaries were acquired abroad, for example in Great Britain.[31]
By the mid-1980s, the employees of Gruner + Jahr were spread throughout various buildings along Hamburg's Outer
Alster Lake.[32] To promote collaboration within the publishing house and to create space for additional staff, construction of a press building on
Baumwall began in 1985.[33] The company's headquarters remain at that address to this day. The property on which the press building was built is situated between
St. Michael's Church and the
Speicherstadt. It was previously owned by the City of Hamburg and has floor space of 22,000 m².[34] Construction work was largely completed in 1989, and the first employees moved into the press building one year later.[35] The building project cost roughly 300 million
Deutsche Mark. At the time the press building was commissioned, it offered space for 2,000 employees and was thus Hamburg's largest inner-city office block.[34][36][35]
1990s
Following the
German reunification in 1989/90, Gruner + Jahr was instrumental in building up a free press in the new German states. For example, the company founded the Dresdner Morgenpost [
de] and,[37] shortly thereafter, the Chemnitzer Morgenpost [
de] daily newspaper.[38] In 1991, Gruner + Jahr acquired the Sächsisches Druck- und Verlagshaus, where the Sächsische Zeitung is published.[39] The company also acquired a stake in Berliner Verlag – initially 50% in 1990, then 100% from 1992 on.[40] Among its leading newspapers are Berliner Zeitung and Berliner Kurier.[41] Internationally, Gruner + Jahr attracted a lot of attention by acquiring seven magazines belonging to
The New York Times Company.[42] In 1994, the company advanced to become a leading US publishing house and, for the first time in its history, generated half of its sales revenues outside of Germany.[43][44][45]
In 1995, Gruner + Jahr launched websites under the domains geo.de, mopo.de, pm-magazin.de, stern.de and tvtoday.de as one of the first professional service providers on the world wide web.[26][46] In the years that followed, digital business models assumed an ever-greater importance: In 1997, the company launched
Fireball, a search engine specially geared towards German-language content.[47][48] This was followed by
Paperball [
de] in 1998, a search engine specializing in news.[49] An e-mail provider (Firemail) was also part of the portfolio.[50] In the year 2000, Gruner + Jahr incorporated Fireball and its related brands into
Lycos Europe.[51] In exchange, Gruner + Jahr received a stake in the company,[52] the
IPO of which was imminent.[53] From the end of 2000, following the bursting of the
dot-com bubble,[54] Gruner + Jahr once again concentrated on content-based services, that is, on the websites of its media brands.[55]
Initiatives and crisis
At around the turn of the millennium, Gruner + Jahr sold off several regional daily newspapers.[56][57] In 1999, the company divested itself of the
Zeitung zum Sonntag [
de], a free Sunday newspaper.[58][59] The deficit-ridden Hamburger Morgenpost was sold in 1999 to Hans Barlach and Frank Otto.[60][61] In addition, Gruner + Jahr divested itself of several regional editions of the Sächsische Zeitung.[62] At the same time, the company established Financial Times Deutschland, a new Germany-wide business newspaper.[63][64] This initiative was one of the most ambitious newspaper projects of the time.[65] In the year 2000, Gruner + Jahr purchased
Inc. and
Fast Company, two leading business magazines.[66]
In 2002, Gruner + Jahr sold the Berliner Verlag publishing company to the
Georg von Holtzbrinck publishing group. Due to the concentration in the Berlin newspaper market, some media commented critically on the transaction.[67][68] In 2003, Gruner + Jahr sold off parts of its newspaper business in Eastern Europe to the
Ringier group.[69]
After selling Berliner Verlag, Gruner + Jahr once again focused on its business with magazines and printing firms.[70] In mid-2003, the company began developing various new magazines, with
Neon and Brigitte Woman among its new German market launches.[71][72][73][74]
Gruner + Jahr continued to expand, despite an increasingly difficult market environment.[75][76] The company further pursued this strategy in the years that followed and planned additional acquisitions,[77][78] but prescribed a regimen of belt-tightening in Germany and the United States.[79] In 2004, Gruner + Jahr, in cooperation with
Arvato and Axel Springer, founded the printing service provider
Prinovis [
de].[80][81] One year later, in 2005, Gruner + Jahr sold off its entire US business to
Meredith Corporation,[82][83] and
Condé Nast acquired one individual youth magazine.[84] The company thus largely exited the US market,[85] where, up to that time, it had been the sixth-largest magazine publisher.[86]
Due to the global financial crisis and
worldwide economic downturn, from 2007 Gruner + Jahr was forced to close several magazines.[87][88] The company was economically healthy and debt-free, yet it was combating declining ad revenues.[89] Irrespective of this trend, Gruner + Jahr introduced new magazines onto the market.[90] Following the losses of the previous year, the company returned to the profit zone in 2010.[91][92] As part of strategic transformation activities, the executive board was restructured, and in 2013, Julia Jäkel became
Chief Executive Officer (CEO).[93] Whereas the digital business sector became more and more important,[94][95] printing operations waned in significance: After Prinovis announced in 2013 that the former Gruner printing company in Itzehoe would be closing,[96] Gruner + Jahr divested itself of its US subsidiary Brown Printing in 2014.[97] This meant a "turning point" for the company because it marked the selling off of the company's last operative business in the United States.[98][99]
Bertelsmann era
In 2014, Bertelsmann came to an agreement with the heirs of John Jahr concerning the purchase of their remaining
shares of 25.1%.[100][101][102][103][104] The takeover was intended to signify a commitment to journalism.[105] Bertelsmann thus strengthened its
journalism business,[106] especially through the established media brands of Gruner + Jahr.[107] The executive board of Gruner + Jahr was confirmed and the company re-introduced the legal entity used up until 1971 (limited partnership).[108][109][110] Gruner + Jahr then intensified its cooperation with other Bertelsmann companies.[111] Territory is an example for this strategic shift.[112]
Over the past few years, Gruner + Jahr, under the leadership of Julia Jäkel, has been vastly transformed and strategically repositioned.[113][114] In 2016, Gruner + Jahr sold its magazine business in Spain to an investor and withdrew from Austria.[115][116] By expanding digital activities and innovation in the area of traditional magazines, Gruner + Jahr's business has continued its successful expansion.[117][118] The company has expanded its digital services and developed into one of the key market players in digital marketing.[119][6]
Furthermore, in 2017, the marketing arm of Gruner + Jahr in cooperation with the
RTL-subsidiary IP Deutschland and Smartclip, established the
Ad Alliance, under the umbrella of which new services have been developed for advertisers and agencies.[120][121][122] The Ad Alliance's cross-media platform reaches more than 99% of the German population monthly,[123][124] and Spiegel Media and Media Impact have now also joined it.[125]
In 2017, Gruner + Jahr announced it was moving to
HafenCity and building new headquarters.[126][127] The modern new building, will reflect the innovation strategy being pursued by Gruner + Jahr.[128][129] The press building at Baumwall was sold to the city, which wants to use it for its own purposes after Gruner + Jahr's move has been completed.[130][126]
The group holding company is Gruner + Jahr GmbH, headquartered in Hamburg. It is a
limited liability company (
GmbH) under German law, and its shareholders are Bertelsmann SE & Co. KGaA, as well as two holding companies which are also part of the Bertelsmann Group.[1] Three people sit on the executive board of Gruner + Jahr GmbH: Julia Jäkel is Chief Executive Officer (CEO), Oliver Radtke is
Chief Operating Officer (COO), and Stephan Schäfer is
Chief Product Officer (CPO).[131] Their contracts were last renewed in 2018 for five years.[132][133]
Gruner + Jahr is one of eight corporate divisions of Bertelsmann.[134] The annual
financial statements are included in the consolidated financial statements, and not separately published. In the 2020 business year, Gruner + Jahr achieved sales of 1.1 billion euros.[135] Gruner + Jahr owns companies and hold equity participation in several companies in Germany and abroad, including Prisma Media, for example.[136]
Products and services
Magazines
The most important German-language magazines of Gruner + Jahr in terms of popularity and scope are Brigitte, Capital, Eltern [
de], Eltern family, Essen & Trinken [
de], Essen & Trinken für jeden Tag, National Geographic Deutschland, P.M. Magazin, Schöner Wohnen, and Stern.[137] Since 2013, all publications from Gruner + Jahr have been clustered into eight units called "Communities of Interest."[138] Both print and digital cross-media content is created there.[139]
Digital brands
In the last few years, Gruner + Jahr has significantly increased its digital activities.[140][141] Sales in the digital field have experienced exceptional growth over the past years. In its core markets, digital sales account for more than a third of total sales.[142] Gruner + Jahr invests not only in its own platforms but also in the services of third parties: For example, a
start-up fund was launched in 2015,[143][144] and in 2016, an online shop was created under the Schöner Wohnen brand.[145] The ad-tech company
AppLike, established in 2016, was spun off in 2017 thanks to its strong growth.[146][147]
Other
Nannen Prize
In 2004, Gruner + Jahr joined forces with Stern to create the Henri Nannen Prize, which since 2016 has been referred to simply as the
Nannen Prize [
de].[148] The award honors outstanding journalistic achievements in categories such as reporting, documentation, and photography.[149][150] The role model for the Henri Nannen Prize was the
Egon Erwin Kisch Prize, created in 1977 by
Henri Nannen.[151] It developed into one of the most renowned journalism prizes in the German-speaking region and today is continued as a category of the Nannen Prize.[152][153]Peter Scholl-Latour was the first journalist and author to receive the Henri Nannen Prize in 2005 for his life's work as a journalist.[154] Other laureates have included former German Chancellor
Helmut Schmidt (2010).[155] Gruner + Jahr regularly honors special achievements in the service of press freedom with a special award, which
Laura Poitras received in 2014 for her involvement in the uncovering of the global surveillance and spying affair by
Edward Snowden.[156][157][158]
Gruner + Jahr did not train journalists in the 1960s and 70s.[159] In 1978, this changed: The
Henri Nannen School was established, modeled after the
German School of Journalism.[160] It was initially called the Hamburg School of Journalism and, in 1983, received the name it bears today, in honor of the Stern founder, Henri Nannen.[161]Wolf Schneider was integrally involved in its founding and served as its director for 16 years.[159][162] Today, the Henri-Nannen School is based in Hamburg's
Kontorhaus Stubbenhuk [
de].[163] The school provides training for newspaper, magazine, radio, television, and online journalists across various genres.[164] The Henri Nannen School is a limited liability company,[1] backed up by the Gruner + Jahr,
Die Zeit and
Der Spiegel publishing houses.[165][166]
Controversy
In 1983, the company was clouded by the affair surrounding the alleged
Hitler diaries.[167] The affair was to go down in history as Stern's greatest ever miscalculation and caused significant damage to the public image of Gruner + Jahr and Bertelsmann.[168][169][170] Stern magazine subsequently suffered a severe decline in circulation, which proved to be only temporary, however. Gruner + Jahr and Bertelsmann responded with severe personnel consequences.[171] For example, the magazine's publisher, Henri Nannen, was forced to resign, even though he personally had done nothing wrong.[172] Today, the publishing of the alleged Hitler diaries is considered a textbook example of failure in the field of media ethics.[173]
In 2013, Gruner + Jahr announced it would be handing over the forged Hitler diaries to the
German Federal Archives.[174] To date, this has not occurred; the forged Hitler diaries are still archived in the Gruner + Jahr publishing house.[175]
^
abThomas Lehning (2004), Das Medienhaus: Geschichte und Gegenwart des Bertelsmann-Konzerns (in German), Paderborn, München: Wilhelm Fink Verlag, p. 139,
ISBN3-7705-4035-2
^
abHenning Kornfeld (2014), "Gruner + Jahr: "Das Nokia unter den Verlagen"", Kress Report (in German), no. 19, p. 6
^
abInsa Sjurts (1996), Die deutsche Medienbranche: Eine unternehmensstrategische Analyse (in German), Wiesbaden:
Gabler Verlag, p. 99,
ISBN978-3-322-96462-5
^Ralf Dahrendorf (2000), Liberal und unabhängig: Gerd Bucerius und seine Zeit (in German), München: Verlag C.H.Beck, p. 179,
ISBN3-406-46474-2
^Thomas Lehning (2004), Das Medienhaus: Geschichte und Gegenwart des Bertelsmann-Konzerns (in German), Paderborn, München: Wilhelm Fink Verlag, pp. 142–143,
ISBN3-7705-4035-2
^"Erster Schritt", Der Spiegel (in German), no. 12, 1970, retrieved 1 September 2016
^"Wenn ich 70 bin", Der Spiegel (in German), no. 24, 1970, retrieved 1 September 2016
^Uwe Kiessler, Otto Steidle (1991), Verlagshaus Gruner + Jahr Hamburg (in German), München, Stuttgart: Oktagon Verlag, p. 18,
ISBN3-927789-15-1
^"G+J-Konzentration auf Berlin", Horizont (in German), no. 37, p. 1, 1992
^"Gruner + Jahr mit Chemnitzer Morgenpost", Handelsblatt (in German), p. 21, 22 August 1990
^""Sächsische Zeitung" ging an Gruner und Jahr", Handelsblatt (in German), p. 21, 17 September 1991
^Donata Riedel (18 February 1992), "G+J schluckt Berliner Verlag allein", Die Tageszeitung (in German), p. 7
^"Holtzbrinck kauft "Berliner Zeitung"", Der Tagesspiegel (in German), p. 35, 27 June 2002
^Thomas Lehning (2004), Das Medienhaus: Geschichte und Gegenwart des Bertelsmann-Konzerns (in German), Paderborn, München: Wilhelm Fink Verlag, pp. 150–151,
ISBN3-7705-4035-2
^"Bertelsmann-Tochter kauft Frauenzeitschriften", Handelsblatt (in German), p. 10, 20 June 1994
^"Gruner + Jahr kauft in USA ein", Der Tagesspiegel (in German), 18 June 1994
^"Big Deal für G+J in USA", Horizont (in German), no. 25, p. 6, 1994
^Insa Sjurts (1996), Die deutsche Medienbranche: Eine unternehmensstrategische Analyse (in German), Wiesbaden:
Gabler Verlag, p. 163,
ISBN978-3-322-96462-5
^Ralf Wegner (1997), "Ein Fireball für deutsche Sites", Horizont (in German), no. 25, p. 46
^"Fireball vorgestellt", Handelsblatt (in German), p. 40, 24 June 1997
^"Zeitungssuchmaschine im Internet", Handelsblatt (in German), p. 24, 21 April 1998
^Holger Bleich (2000), "Freemailer als Kommunikationszentralen", C't Magazin (in German), no. 11, p. 140
^"Fireball geht in Lycos auf", Berliner Zeitung (in German), p. 34, 8 March 2000
^
abBernd Matthies (2 April 2004), "Die Rechtschreiber", Der Tagesspiegel (in German), p. 31
^Siegfrid Weischenberg, ed. (1990), Journalismus & Kompetenz: Qualifizierung und Rekrutierung für Medienberufe (in German), Opladen: Westdeutscher Verlag, p. 94,
ISBN978-3-531-12089-8
^Ole von Beust (5 April 2004), "Hamburg als wichtigen Medienstandort erhalten", Die Welt (in German), p. 30
^
abjoint venture with Amperwelle Studio München Programmanbietergesellschaft,
Axel Springer AG, Burda, Studio Gong, m.b.t. Mediengesellschaft der bayerischen Tageszeitungen für Kabelkommunikation, Medienpool and Radio Bavaria Rundfunkprogrammgesellschaft.
^joint venture with Verlagsgesellschaft Madsack, Studio Gong Niedersachsen and Brune-Rieck-Beteiligungs.
^joint venture with Axel Springer, Heinrich Bauer Verlag, Lühmanndruck Harburger Zeitungsgesellschaft and Morgenpost Verlag.