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Greek war crimes were violations of the laws of war committed by Greece.
The Turkish and Albanian population living in the Peloponnese were massacred, especially in areas dominated by Greek soldiers. [1] [2] Turkish and Albanian communities in the Peloponnese disappeared. Historians state that a total of more than 20,000 Muslims were killed on the peninsula during this period, often with the advice of priests in the region; Some historians estimate this number as 15,000; But there are estimates that 35,000 people were killed in the Tripolitsa Massacre alone. [1] Russian soldiers and Greeks killed 400 Turks in the city of Mistras in 1770. [1] Turkish children were taken to the minarets and thrown down from there. According to the records kept by William Ogden Niles during these rebellions, the Turkish population of the city of Patras was completely killed, except for a small minority. In August 1821, the Turkish inhabitants of the town of Monemvasia, faced with starvation as a result of the long siege, attempted to eat the corpses, while the Greeks killed sixty men and women captured at sea outside the town's walls. [1] Then the Greeks said they would take the Turks to Anatolia and the doors were opened; but the Greeks plundered the town and killed many Turks. Later, they put about five hundred Turks from the town on a ship and left them on a deserted island off the coast of Anatolia, where the survivors of the Turks who faced starvation were rescued by a French merchant. [2]
According to William st. Clair, "the genocide in the Morea ended only when there were no more Turks left to kill". [1] [2]
Navarino massacre occurred during March-19 August 1821. Nearly 3000 civilian Turk massacred in here. [3] George Finlay about the Navarino Massacre:
"Women, wounded with musketballs and sabre-cuts, rushed to the sea, seeking to escape, and were deliberately shot. Mothers robbed of their clothes, with infants in their arms plunged into the sea to conceal themselves from shame, and they were them made a mark for inhuman riflemen. Greeks seized infants from their mother's breasts and dashed them against rocks. Children, three and four years old, were hurled living into the sea and left to drown. When the massacre was ended, the dead bodies washed ashore, or piled on the beach, threatened to cause a pestilence..." [4]
During the Tripolitsa Massacre, nearly 5,000-35,000 Turks were massacred by Greek rebels. [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] Kolokotronis says in his memoirs: [10]
The massacre at Tripolitsa was the final and largest in a sequence of massacres against Muslims in the Peloponnese during the first months of the revolt. Historians estimate that upwards of twenty thousand Muslim men, women and children were killed during this time, often with the exhortation of the local clergy. [11] [12] [13]
Violence against civilians coincided with the beginning of the war on May 19, 1919. Greece adopted a scorched earth policy, especially when it retreated from Anatolia. [14] By the end of the war, an estimated 640,000 civilian casualties occurred in the west. [15]
In May 1921, Greek Army soldiers systematically murdered thousands of civilians [16] and burned 27 villages. [17] According to Maurice Gehri, the head of the delegation that examined the massacre, approximately 6,000 people were murdered, and according to Ottoman sources, approximately 9,100 people were murdered. [18]
The delegation chaired by Maurice Gehri came to the following conclusion after necessary investigations: [19]
It is the ethnic cleansing and massacre committed by the Greek Armed Forces soldiers against the Turks in the Menemen village of Izmir on June 17, 1919. [20] According to French officers, at least 200 Turks were killed and more than 200 were injured in the massacre. [21] In the words of Admiral John de Robeck, Izmir has become a slaughterhouse. [22]
When the Greek Army occupied Izmir, Chrysostomos Kalafatis made the following speech to the Greek soldiers: [23]
My soldier children, children of Hellens ( Greeks), today you are showing the greatest miracle of Jesus by reconquering the lands of our ancestors. The more Turkish blood you shed and drink for this cause, the more reward you will receive. By drinking a glass of Turkish blood, I will appease my grudge and hatred towards them. Come on, all the saints will be behind you. The land of your ancestors awaits you!
In the massacre that took place on June 24, 1921, the city was looted, burned and Turks were massacred. According to British journalist Arnold Joseph Toynbee's estimate, more than 300 Turkish civilians were killed that day. Arnold Joseph Toynbee On 29 June 1921, the British parliament debated Greek withdrawal and possible persecution. [24]
Arnold Joseph Toynbee, about the massacre: [25]
In June 1921, my wife and I witnessed unprovoked arson by uniformed Greek troops on the southern shores of the Gulf of Izmit.
It is the massacre which mosques got burnt that took place in Karatepe village of Aydın on 19 February 1922. [26] When the people of the village took shelter in mosques out of fear, Greek soldiers massacred almost the entire population, including pregnant women, babies, children and the elderly. [27] According to some sources, 200 [28] [29] or more civilians lost their lives in the massacre, and according to some sources, 385 [30] civilians lost their lives.
In the Fire of Alaşehir, 2,400 people were burned and 600 people died by being shot or bayoneted by Greek soldiers. The population of Alaşehir, which had a population of 38,000 before the Greek occupation, was only 5,000-6,000 when it was liberated by the Turkish army on September 5, 1922.
During the 1922 Manisa fire, 3500 people were burned to death, while 855 people were shot and killed by Greek soldiers. Additionally, according to Turkish sources, 300 girls were kidnapped to be raped.
In expulsion of Cham Albanians [31] at least 30,000 people expelled from their own reigon. [32] [33] [34] the numbers are up to 35,000 according to the Cham reports. [35]
The members of the Commission consider that, in the part of the kazas of Yalova and Guemlek occupied by the Greek army, there is a systematic plan of destruction of Turkish villages and extinction of the Moslem population. This plan is being carried out by Greek and Armenian bands, which appear to operate under Greek instructions and sometimes even with the assistance of detachments of regular troops
p. 161 "On the Greek side of the frontier, government forces in March–May 1945 inflamed tensions by savage persecution of the Albanian-speaking Muslims, the Chams, in Epirus, and of the slavophones in western Macedonia. EDES gangs massacred 200–300 of the Cham population, who during the occupation totalled about 19,000 and forced all the rest to flee to Albania"