| Golden-tipped bat | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Chiroptera |
| Family: | Vespertilionidae |
| Genus: | Phoniscus |
| Species: | P. papuensis
|
| Binomial name | |
| Phoniscus papuensis (Dobson, 1878)
| |
| |
| Synonyms | |
|
Kerivoula papuensis Dobson, 1878 | |
The golden-tipped bat (Phoniscus papuensis) is a species of Microchiropteran in the family Vespertilionidae. [2] It is found in Papua New Guinea and in Australia, especially scattered along the eastern part of Australia. [3] The species is considered uncommon, [4] and is listed as endangered in Australia. [5]
Description
The golden-tipped bat has brown color and broken color patterns on its pelage; [3] the body is covered with woolly fur. [5] Broken color patterns support crypsis in the golden-tipped bat; [5] thick pelage and wooly fur provide thermal insulation. [5] The average weight of adults is 6.7g. [5]
The wings of the golden-tipped bat show a low aspect ratio, with low wing loading. (That is, the wing is broad.) These wing features of support slow flight. [6] [7] Additionally, the large tail membrane aids the wing membrane in enabling tight turns in flight. [6] [7] Rounded wing tips also contribute to high maneuverability in flight. [6] [7]
The golden-tipped bat also uses echolocation for foraging, with frequencies of approximately 155 kHz to 60 kHz. [6]
Habitat and ecology
The golden-tipped bat has been mainly recorded in rainforest or wet sclerophyll forest. [3] It has also been recorded in dry sclerophyll forest. They live at elevations up to 1,000m. [3]
Roosting
They make diurnal roosts ranging from 0.5 to 9.0m above the ground, [5] roosting on the branches of trees or in tree hollows. [5] Female bats use the canopy of a tree for a maternity site; [5] Roosts, and their broken patterns of pelage, enable this species to hide from their predators. [5]
Diet and foraging strategies
Diet
Araneida such as orb-weaver and big-jawed spiders are the main food of golden-tipped bats; as shown by the high proportion of Araneida body fragments among the particles lodged among the bats' teeth and fur. [6] Even though Araneida is a major food source for the golden-tipped bat, these bats also consume insects which belong to the insect orders Coleoptera (beetles) and Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths). [6]
Foraging strategies
The golden-tipped bat uses multiple foraging strategies to hunt. One is ground gleaning. [6] They also hover-glean, flying slowly and taking prey from elevated places such as high tree trunks. [6] The golden tipped bat use broad bandwidth echolocation to find precise localization of a target. Additionally, they use high frequency echolocation to find stationary prey such as spiders on their webs. [6]
References
- ^ Loyd, A.M.; Pennay, M. (2021). "Phoniscus papuensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T10982A22021190. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T10982A22021190.en.
- ^ Parnaby, H; Mills, D (December 1994). "A Record of the Gold-tipped Bat from the Escarpment Forests". Australian Zoologist. 29: 3–4. doi: 10.7882/AZ.1994.013.
- ^ a b c d "The Action Plan for Australian Bats". Environment Australia. Archived from the original on 7 September 2013. Retrieved 27 April 2019.
- ^ SCHULZ, M (1995). "Utilisation of suspended bird nests by the Golden-tipped Bat (kerivoula papuensis) in Australia". Mammalia. 59 (2): 280–283.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Schulz, M (1999). "Roosts used by the golden-tipped bat Kerivoula papuensis (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)". Journal of Zoology. 250 (4): 467–478. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7998.2000.tb00790.x.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i SCHULZ, MARTIN (2000). "Diet and Foraging Behavior of the Golden-Tipped Bat,Kerivoula Papuensis: A Spider Specialist?". Journal of Mammalogy. 81 (20 March 2000): 948–957. doi: 10.1644/1545-1542(2000)081<0948:dafbot>2.0.co;2.
- ^ a b c Rhodes, Martin (1995). "Wing Morphology and Flight Behaviour of the Golden-tipped Bat, Phoniscus papuensis(Dobson) (Chiroptera:Vespertilionidae)". Australian Journal of Zoology. 43 (6): 657–63. doi: 10.1071/zo9950657.