Goda Ravi | |
---|---|
Ruler of Chera Perumal Kingdom | |
Reign | 905/06–c. 943/44 AD [1] |
Predecessor | Goda Goda (or) Kerala Kesari [2] |
Successor | Indu/Indesvaran Goda [3] |
House | Chera Perumals of Makotai |
Religion | Hinduism |
Goda Ravi (fl. 905/06–c. 943/44 AD [4]) was a Chera Perumal king of medieval Kerala, south India. [5] The Chola relations with the Chera Perumals were consolidated during the rule of Goda Ravi. Records mention a number of Kerala military personnel serving with Chola prince Rajaditya in the Tamil country. [6] An inscription mentioning Goda Ravi from Nedumpuram Thali, Wadakkanchery is one of rare Chera Perumal inscriptions which give both the regnal year and another era ( Kali Year) at the same time. [5]
Temple inscriptions dated in the regnal years (13th to 30th) of Goda Ravi were discovered from Iranikulam, Chokkur (Puthur village, near Koduvally), Nedumpuram Thali ( Wadakkanchery), Avittathur, Triprangode, Porangattiri, Indianur (Kottakkal) and Thrippunithura. [5] [7] The records mention, among other things, Koyil and Ala-Koyil, Chera queens (Ravi Piratti and Cheraman Maha Devi), "senapathi" (chief of the royal militia), the so-called Agreement of Muzhikkulam, and the chieftains of Vembanadu ( Alappuzha) and Valluvanadu (the later with the title "Rayira Ravar"). [5] [7]
Goda Ravi was formerly identified with king Vijayaraga of the Chera Perumal dynasty. [5]
Recent scholarship suggests that the Nedumpuram Thali ( Wadakkanchery) committee met and accepted the land grant on the 17th regnal year of king Goda Ravi (while Jupiter was in Mithuna) and the currently available inscription was only commissioned at a later date (corresponding to Kali Year 4030). [8]
Kali Year reading
(date at the end) |
Corresponding dates | Coronation year
(17 years before) |
Jupiter | Presently
accepted | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
A. G. Warrier [9] | 'nālāyirattumuppatu'
('4030') [9] = 929 AD |
929 AD | 912 AD | Jupiter not in Mithuna | |
Elamkulam P. N. K. Pillai [9] | 'nālāyirattumuppat[tancu].'
('4035') [9] = 934 AD |
934 AD | 917 AD | Jupiter in Mithuna | |
M. G. S. Narayanan [9] | 'nālāyirattumoppatu' | 900 AD [9] | 883 AD [8] | Jupiter in Mithuna | |
Present view [8] | 'nālāyirattumuppatu'
('4030') = 929/30 AD [8] |
922 AD (agreement year) [8] | 905/06 AD [8] | Jupiter in Mithuna | |
929/30 AD (inscription year) [8] | Jupiter not in Mithuna |
Note: Material: granite, script: Vattezhuthu with Grantha characters, and language: old Malayalam (unless otherwise stated)
Year | Regnal Year | Location | Contents | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nature | Notes | |||||
918/19 AD [7] | 13 [7] | Airanikkulam ( Iranikulam) inscription [7] | Temple inscription |
| ||
920/21 AD [8] | 15 | Chokkur inscription (Chokoor, Puthur village) - near Koduvally - single granite slab in courtyard of the ruined Chokkur Temple. | Temple inscription
(by founder Karkodupurathu Kadamba Kumara) |
|||
922 AD [8] | 17 | Nedumpuram Thali inscription, Thichoor
Wadakkanchery
(Thali inscriptions of Cochin State) - two granite slabs fixed into the half wall in the entrance corridor on the left side of Nedumpuram Thali. |
Temple committee resolutions | Dated in Kali Year 4030 (=929/30 AD). [8] | ||
925/26 AD [11] | 20 | Avittathur inscription I - single granite slab paved in the courtyard of the Avittathur Temple near the sopana. | Temple committee resolutions |
| ||
Avittathur inscription II - single granite slab paved in the courtyard of the Avittathur Temple to the right of the srikoyil (a few feet away from sopana). | Temple committee resolutions | The council is attended the Rayira Ravar (the chieftain of Valluvanadu [9] or the Leader of the Thousand [12]). | ||||
Avittathur inscription III - single granite slab paved in the courtyard of the Avittathur Temple (a few feet away from sopana). | Temple committee resolutions | The council is attended the Rayira Ravar (the chieftain of Valluvanadu [9] or the Leader of the Thousand [12]). | ||||
932/33 AD [13] | 27 | Triprangode inscription (originally in Sri Krishna shrine, Triprangode Shiva Temple) - now in Archeological Museum, Trichur. | Temple committee resolutions | |||
Porangattiri/Porangattur inscription ( Chaliyar) - single granite slab in the courtyard of the Porangattiri Temple. | Temple committee resolutions | |||||
Indianur inscription (Kottakkal) - originally at Indianur Temple - now in Department of History, Calicut University. | Temple committee resolutions | |||||
935/36 AD [12] | 30 [9] | Thrippunithura inscription (originally from Santhana Gopalakrishna Temple, Thrippunithura) - now in Archeological Museum, Trichur. | Temple committee resolutions |