Catholic cardinal
Francis Alphonsus Bourne (1861–1935) was an
English
prelate of the
Catholic Church . He served as the fourth
Archbishop of Westminster from 1903 until his death, and was elevated to the
cardinalate in 1911.
[1]
Biography
Early life
Francis Bourne was born in
Clapham to Henry and Ellen Byrne Bourne on 23 March 1861. His father, a
civil servant was a convert and his mother, an
Irish Catholic.
[2] Bourne entered
St. Cuthbert College at
Ushaw Moor ,
County Durham in 1867 and then upon the death of his older brother in 1877, it was decided that Francis should move to
St. Edmund's College in
Ware , which was considered a better location for someone of his delicate health. It was while at St. Edmund's that he decided to become a priest. He joined the
Order of Friars Preachers , more commonly known as the Dominicans, in
Woodchester but left in 1880. From 1880 to 1881 he attended St. Thomas'
Seminary in
Hammersmith to study philosophy, and then went to study in
France at
Saint-Sulpice Seminary in
Paris and the
University of Leuven . While in Paris, he met
Don Bosco , and considered joining Bosco's
Salesian Order.
[3]
He was
ordained to the
priesthood on 11 June 1884 at St. Mary's in Clapham, by
Bishop Robert Coffin , the same priest who had baptized him at St. Mary's years before.
[2] Bourne then did
pastoral work in
Blackheath ,
Mortlake , and
West Grinstead until 1889. Bourne was
rector of the House of Studies at Henfield Place from 1889 to 1891, at which time he began teaching at
St. John's Seminary in
Wonersh , of which he became rector on 14 March 1896. He was raised to the rank of
Domestic Prelate of His Holiness by
Pope Leo XIII in 1895.
On 27 March 1896 Bourne was appointed
Coadjutor Bishop of
Southwark and
Titular Bishop of Epiphania in Cilicia .
[2] He received his
episcopal consecration on the following 1 May from Cardinal
Herbert Vaughan , with Bishops
John Baptist Butt and
Thomas Whiteside , in
St. George's Cathedral . Bourne later succeeded Butt as
Bishop of Southwark on 9 April 1897.
Archbishop
Bourne was named
Archbishop of Westminster on 11 September 1903. As Archbishop of Westminster, he became the spiritual head of the
Catholic Church in England and Wales . In defiance of the governmental law banning
Eucharistic
processions , Bourne gave the benediction from the loggia of
Westminster Cathedral in 1908. He was created
Cardinal-Priest of
S. Pudenziana by
Pope Pius X in the
consistory of 27 November 1911, and was a
cardinal elector in the
conclaves of
1914 and
again in
1922 , which selected Popes
Benedict XV and
Pius XI respectively.
Bourne responded to
Ramsay MacDonald 's call for an English Catholic prelate's interpretation of Pius XI's encyclical
Quadragesimo anno , which forbade Catholics from being
socialists , by stating, "There is nothing in the encyclical which should deter Catholics from becoming members of the
British Labour Party ...".
[4] However, the cardinal continued to warn Catholics to be cautious of the "erroneous principles which sometimes affect parties."
Rather
conservative , Bourne was opposed to
Modernism , but he was prudent in his handling of the Modernist crisis in England. The leading lay English Catholic intellectual at the time, Baron
Friedrich von Hügel , was on the moderate wing of the Modernist movement. Knowing of von Hügel's holiness and fundamental loyalty,
[5] Bourne told the Baron's daughter Thekla, "I have never got him into trouble and I never will."
[6]
Michael de la Bédoyère describes Bourne as "a prelate whose wisdom and statesmanship have never been sufficiently acknowledged".
[5]
He was not overly supportive of
interfaith dialogue
[7] nor of
ecumenism (he notably opposed the holding of the
Malines Conversations between prominent Anglicans and Catholics).
[8] He condemned granting greater freedom to
divorce and the use of
birth control .
[9] He also desired to see the
United Kingdom adopt
Roman Catholic faith as its
official religion .
[10]
He died after a year's illness in his archepiscopal residence in
London , at age 73.
[11] Bourne was buried at his
alma mater of St. Edmund's College, Ware, Hertfordshire, in the
chapel he established in memory of the college's members who died during
World War I , and his
heart was placed in the chapel of St. John's Seminary at Wonersh, Surrey, in June 1935.
[12]
See also
References
^ Miranda, Salvador.
"Francis Bourne" . The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church . Archived from
the original on 27 February 2015. Retrieved 7 March 2015 .
^
a
b
c
Herbert, Alfred. "Rogito", Westminster Cathedral Chronicle
^ Vickers, Mark "By the Thames Divided" 2013
^
"Westminster's Word" .
Time . 29 June 1931.
^
a
b Michael de la Bedoyère, The Life of Baron von Hügel (1951). London: J. M. Dent, p. 275
^ Michael de la Bedoyère, The life of Baron von Hügel (1951). London: J. M. Dent, pp. 117, 354
^ Diocese of Westminster.
Cardinal Francis Bourne
Archived 25 April 2017 at the
Wayback Machine 11 January 2005
^ John Pollard, The Papacy in the Age of Totalitarianism 1914–1958 (2014). Oxford University Press, pp. 174–5
ISBN
978-0-19-920856-2
^
"Emancipation" . Time . 23 September 1929.
^
"The Greatest Priest" . Time . 3 December 1923.
^
"Milestones" . Time . 7 January 1935.
^ Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church.
Bourne, Francis
External links
Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Southwark
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Polish Church of St. John the Evangelist, Putney
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