From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Type of strength training
A "thruster" exercise performed on a flywheel training device.
Flywheel training is a type of
strength training where the resistance required for muscle activation is generated by the
inertia of a
flywheel instead of
gravity from weights as in traditional
weight training .
In contrast to weight training, flywheel training offers variable resistance throughout the
range of motion , which facilitates
isoinertial training and
eccentric overload . Flywheel training is shown to lead to improvements of
strength and
power ,
hypertrophy ,
muscle activation, muscle length, and
tendon stiffness. This in turn can improve athletic performance in speed,
jump height ,
change of direction and
resilience to injury .
[1]
[2]
History
An early scientific research paper on flywheel training was conducted by researchers Hansen and Lindhard at the
University of Copenhagen in 1924 and looked at the maximum realizable work of the elbow flexors.
[3]
[4]
After that, flywheel resistance training was studied in
space travelers exposed to
microgravity environments to fight the effects of
sarcopenia and
bone mineral
density loss,
[5]
[6] started at
Karolinska Institute in the 1990s funded by
NASA and
ESA . Since then, flywheel training has been studied in different populations like youth
[7]
[8]
[9]
[10] and professional athletes,
[11]
[12]
[13] as well as older adults.
[14]
[15]
[16]
[17]
Current evidence suggests that flywheel training-based training is superior to gravity-based training for increasing muscle strength, power, and hypertrophy.
[18]
[19]
[20]
Flywheel training was commercialized in the 2010s by
Exxentric and others, and has since gained wide-spread adoption in professional sports.
[21]
References
^ Wonders, Jaap (2019-12-14).
"Flywheel Training in Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation: A Clinical Commentary" . International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy . 14 (6): 994–1000.
doi :
10.26603/ijspt20190994 .
PMC
6878857 .
PMID
31803531 .
^ Smith, Joel (2018). Speed Strength: A Comprehensive Guide to Biomechanics, Demands and Training Methodology for Linear Speed . Just fly sports. p. 202.
ISBN
978-1720694625 .
^
Correa, Fredrik (2014-12-09).
"What Every Coach Ought to Know About Flywheel Training" . Freelap. Retrieved 2022-04-10 .
^ Hansen, T E; Lindhard, J (1924-03-14).
"The maximum realisable work of the flexors of the elbow" .
The Journal of Physiology . 58 (4–5): 314–317.
doi :
10.1113/jphysiol.1924.sp002133 .
PMC
1405532 .
PMID
16993667 .
^ Berg, HE; Tesch, A (August 1994). "A gravity-independent ergometer to be used for resistance training in space". Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine . 65 (8): 752–756.
OCLC
105722207 .
PMID
7980338 .
S2CID
23594693 .
^ Jones, Thomas W.; et al. (2019-05-16).
"Optimization of Exercise Countermeasures for Human Space Flight: Operational Considerations for Concurrent Strength and Aerobic Training" .
Frontiers in Physiology . 10 : 584.
doi :
10.3389/fphys.2019.00584 .
PMC
6532362 .
PMID
31156461 .
^ Drury, B.; Ratel, S.; Clark, C. C.; Fernandes, J. F.; Moran, J.; Behm, D. G. (2019).
"Eccentric Resistance Training in Youth: Perspectives for Long-Term Athletic Development" . Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology . 4 (4): 70.
doi :
10.3390/jfmk4040070 .
PMC
7739302 .
PMID
33467385 .
^ Westblad, N.; Petré, H.; Kårström, A.; Psilander, N.; Björklund, G. (2021).
"The Effect of Autoregulated Flywheel and Traditional Strength Training on Training Load Progression and Motor Skill Performance in Youth Athletes" . International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health . 18 (7): 3479.
doi :
10.3390/ijerph18073479 .
PMC
8038127 .
PMID
33801621 .
^ Stojanović, M. D.; Mikić, M.; Drid, P.; Calleja-González, J.; Maksimović, N.; Belegišanin, B.; Sekulović, V. (2021).
"Greater Power but Not Strength Gains Using Flywheel Versus Equivolumed Traditional Strength Training in Junior Basketball Players" . International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health . 18 (3): 1181.
doi :
10.3390/ijerph18031181 .
PMC
7908554 .
PMID
33572738 .
^ di Cagno, Alessandra; Iuliano, Enzo; Buonsenso, Andrea; Giombini, Arrigo; Di Martino, Giulia; Parisi, Attilio; Calcagno, Giuseppe; Fiorilli, Giovanni (19 November 2020).
"Effects of Accentuated Eccentric Training vs Plyometric Training on Performance of Young Elite Fencers" . Journal of Sports Science & Medicine . 19 (4): 703–713.
PMC
7675629 .
PMID
33239944 .
^ Sánchez-Díaz, S.; Yanci, J.; Castillo, D.; Scanlan, A. T.; Raya-González, J. (2020).
"Effects of Nutrition Education Interventions in Team Sport Players. A Systematic Review" . Nutrients . 12 (12): 3664.
doi :
10.3390/nu12123664 .
PMC
7760400 .
PMID
33260504 .
^ Maroto-Izquierdo, S.; García-López, D.; De Paz, J. A. (2017).
"Functional and Muscle-Size Effects of Flywheel Resistance Training with Eccentric-Overload in Professional Handball Players" . Journal of Human Kinetics . 60 : 133–143.
doi :
10.1515/hukin-2017-0096 .
PMC
5765793 .
PMID
29339993 .
^ McNeill, C.; Beaven, C. M.; McMaster, D. T.; Gill, N. (2019).
"Eccentric Training Interventions and Team Sport Athletes" . Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology . 4 (4): 67.
doi :
10.3390/jfmk4040067 .
PMC
7739426 .
PMID
33467382 .
^ Kowalchuk, K.; Butcher, S. (2019).
"Eccentric Overload Flywheel Training in Older Adults" . Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology . 4 (3): 61.
doi :
10.3390/jfmk4030061 .
PMC
7739307 .
PMID
33467376 .
^ Sañudo, Borja; González-Navarrete, Ángeles; Álvarez-Barbosa, Francisco; de Hoyo, Moisés; del Pozo, Jesús; Rogers, Michael E. (1 June 2019).
"Effect of Flywheel Resistance Training on Balance Performance in Older Adults. A Randomized Controlled Trial" . Journal of Sports Science & Medicine . 18 (2): 344–350.
PMC
6543991 .
PMID
31191105 .
^ Bruseghini, P.; Capelli, C.; Calabria, E.; Rossi, A. P.; Tam, E. (2019).
"Effects of High-Intensity Interval Training and Isoinertial Training on Leg Extensors Muscle Function, Structure, and Intermuscular Adipose Tissue in Older Adults" . Frontiers in Physiology . 10 : 1260.
doi :
10.3389/fphys.2019.01260 .
PMC
6794371 .
PMID
31649552 .
^ Sañudo, Borja; de Hoyo, Moisés; McVeigh, Joseph G. (January 2022). "Improved Muscle Strength, Muscle Power, and Physical Function After Flywheel Resistance Training in Healthy Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial". Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research . 36 (1): 252–258.
doi :
10.1519/JSC.0000000000003428 .
PMID
32040028 .
S2CID
211073409 .
^
Petré, Henrik ; Wernstål, Fredrik; Mattsson, C. Mikael (2018-12-13).
"Effects of Flywheel Training on Strength-Related Variables: a Meta-analysis" . Sports Medicine - Open . 4 (1): 55.
doi :
10.1186/s40798-018-0169-5 .
PMC
6292829 .
PMID
30547232 .
S2CID
56485869 .
^ Maroto-Izquierdo, Sergio; García-López, David; Fernandez-Gonzalo, Rodrigo; Moreira, Osvaldo C.; González-Gallego, Javier; de Paz, José A. (October 2017). "Skeletal muscle functional and structural adaptations after eccentric overload flywheel resistance training: a systematic review and meta-analysis". Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport . 20 (10): 943–951.
doi :
10.1016/j.jsams.2017.03.004 .
PMID
28385560 .
^ Illera-Domínguez, Víctor; et al. (2018-09-10).
"Early Functional and Morphological Muscle Adaptations During Short-Term Inertial-Squat Training" .
Frontiers in Physiology . 9 : 1265.
doi :
10.3389/fphys.2018.01265 .
PMC
6139363 .
PMID
30246805 .
^
"History of Flywheel Training" . Exxentric. Retrieved 2022-04-10 .
External links