Text Appearing Before Image: ^ derived its knowledge ofthis art from the East. In Japan the earliest example of block-printingdates from the middle of the eighth century.The Jesuits were the first to print from metaltypes in that country, in the seventeenth century.Because of the avidity with which the Japanesehave taken hold of Western learning, printing isextensively carried on in Japan, both blocks andtypes of metal being employed. Text Appearing After Image: CHAPTER II PRINTING IN EUROPE TN Europe until the second half of the four--■- teenth century, books of every kind, letters,and all private and public documents were writtenby hand. Figures and pictures were producedwith either the pen or the brush. Before the invention of typography in themiddle of the fifteenth century, playing-cards,pictures of saints, and block-books were printedfrom engraved wooden blocks.^ , When this method of printing began to bedeveloped in Europe, it was in connection withplaying-cards. The work was extended in the ^production of image prints (sometimes accom- image prints . . and block- panied with a text), texts of scripture without books,pictures, and whole books,—each picture, text, orleaf being printed from one engraved block. Thelatter, called block-books, sometimes consisted only 1 Block-printing on cloth and vellum seems to have been practisedas early as the twelfth century, and on paper as early as the secondhalf of the fourteenth century. 2 (17)
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