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The inherent randomness in quantum mechanics can be attributed to the absence of consciousness. By integrating consciousness, the complex dynamics of reality can be modelled as causal, deterministic, and unpredictable rather than random. As per the proposed consciousness model of reality by Mahendra Samarawickrama, consciousness operates by preserving awareness, thus ensuring the integrity of experiences. This behaviour aligns with the Principle of Least Action. Introducing the consciousness particle, known as the primion, into the Standard Model of particle physics allows for the exploration of consciousness' implications on reality. According to the Conscious Model of particle physics, quantum entanglement shares parameters in consciousness, supporting a non-local reality. Observing the collapse of an entangled wave function disrupts consciousness' integrity, transitioning non-local reality to local. Incorporating consciousness offers a causal, deterministic, and unpredictable understanding of reality that is not random. The Conscious Model unifies causation, relativity, and quantum mechanics, establishing a comprehensive theory of reality. Additionally, this research posits that consciousness is an independent fundamental dimension that maintains integrity in non-local awareness. This dimension facilitates quantum entanglement, enabling non-local awareness beyond the five senses or materialism. Non-local awareness transcends imagination, sensory experience, computation, or analysis, existing in the consciousness dimension rather than within local space-time experiences, perceptions, and knowledge. Just as the five senses evolved to observe local reality in space-time, the Mind emerges to comprehend both local and non-local realities through consciousness.

When two particles are quantum entangled, an observer aware of one particle's state can immediately ascertain the state of the other without needing confirmation. In relativity, information typically travels at the speed of light, establishing a localised reality. However, the instantaneous awareness between entangled particles, devoid of time delay, leads to a non-local reality. The constraints of relativity still apply when verifying results, yet it is certain that the entangled particles promptly align with quantum mechanics predictions. Albert Einstein referred to this as "spooky action at a distance," and Erwin Schrödinger described it as quantum mechanics' most crucial trait ^[1].

Consider two balls with no definite states until measured, existing in a grey state until an observer examines one. It can then randomly adopt black or white. Instantaneously, the other ball assumes the opposite colour, regardless of distance. But how can one be sure the balls didn't have predetermined colours? Even if grey, they might have contained hidden labels dictating their observed colour.

If the properties of one particle can be determined instantly by measuring the other, it suggests faster-than-light communication, contradicting Einstein's theory of relativity. The Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) paradox ^[2] is foundational in quantum physics, proposed in 1935 to argue quantum mechanics as incomplete. They suggested the existence of hidden variables accounting for the apparent instantaneous connection between entangled particles. In 1964, physicist John Bell formulated mathematical inequalities known as Bell's inequalities ^[3], which allowed experimental testing of quantum mechanics predictions against hidden variables theories. Experiments consistently validated quantum mechanics predictions, demonstrating the non-classical nature of entanglement and resolving the EPR paradox in favour of quantum mechanics.

Alain Aspect, John Clauser, and Anton Zeilinger ^{[4] [5] [6]} were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for their groundbreaking experiments confirming Bell inequalities. These inequalities distinguish quantum mechanics' uncertainty from alternative hidden variables explanations. The experiments showed that nature adheres to quantum mechanics predictions, meaning the balls are inherently grey, with chance determining their final colours in an experiment.

The randomness in quantum mechanics complicates its unification with relativity towards causation. Being causal and deterministic, relativity appears chaotic. The unpredictability is due to system complexity rather than fundamental uncertainty. The inherently uncertain and random in quantum mechanics differ fundamentally from relativity.

This framework reinforces consciousness as a fundamental dimension of reality and its implications for quantum mechanics, particularly in understanding quantum entanglement and non-local reality. This establishes consciousness as fundamental to reality, preserving information (or awareness) to make reality causal and deterministic. The missing information (or awareness) in consciousness causes quantum mechanics' randomness. This novel idea validates both relativity and quantum mechanics while facilitating their grand unification through causation. Consciousness makes experiences in reality causal, deterministic, and unpredictable, not random. The main contributions are:

1. Establishing consciousness as fundamental to reality,
2. Including consciousness in the Standard Model of particle physics,
3. Explaining quantum entanglement through consciousness as causal, deterministic, yet unpredictable reality,
4. Laying the foundation for a grand theory unifying local and non-local realities through consciousness.

Previous work introduced consciousness as the underlying fundamental dimension governing universal laws, unifying causation, relativity, and quantum mechanics. Mathematically modelling the interplay of consciousness, matter, and energy ^[7] established consciousness as fundamental to nature and reality. Further work extended this model to explain gravity's causation underpinning relativity ^[8]

Assuming consciousness and change are fundamentals of reality, awareness emerges and perceives various secondary constructs. To understand gravity, it was postulated:

1. Only consciousness and change are the fundamentals of reality underpinning awareness.
2. Reality behaves to preserve awareness, maintaining experience integrity.
3. Gravity is a perception in awareness caused by consciousness and changes.

Consciousness and change govern causation, creating the perception of awareness and time. Awareness is a construct emerging from a conscious process. Reality behaves to preserve awareness and maintain conscious experience integrity. Replacing time with consciousness can elucidate causation in relativity. The causation of Gravity maintains the integrity of conscious experience when interacting with mass and energy. Space-time is a construct of consciousness.

Fundamental physics can be understood through the two distinct frameworks of relativity or quantum physics. Mapping consciousness into time explains the causation of relativity while mapping consciousness into uncertainty and unpredictability explains the causation of Quantum mechanics, unifying both frameworks through consciousness.

Relativity interprets reality as the interplay of mass and energy in space-time. All physical properties (e.g., position and momentum) can be known by an observer in relativity. However, relativity is invalid at smaller dimensions due to uncertainty in observation. Heisenberg's uncertainty principle ^[9] states that perfect accuracy in multiple physical quantities or complex scenarios is impossible at the quantum scale. Awareness limits lead to observation uncertainty, defined as the consciousness cycle ^[10]. The uncertainty of an observation cannot be eliminated at the quantum scale, leading to quantum behaviour.

The inherent uncertainty in observation is not an inherent aspect of reality. While observation carries uncertainty, reality is governed by preserving awareness and maintaining integrity with underlying consciousness. To understand quantum entanglement, it is posited that:

4. Quantum mechanics preserves awareness and maintains integrity with underlying consciousness.

Consciousness maintains integrity with the behaviour of reality. Everything is subject to change while maintaining integrity in consciousness. The behaviour of reality is perceived through awareness and is attributed to consciousness. Both consciousness and reality are causal, deterministic, and unpredictable due to complexity, not random.

The Principle of Least Action unifies understanding physical systems across different regimes, highlighting the elegance and universality of reality's underlying principles. Natural systems follow paths minimising the rate of change of a quantity called Action. This is expressed in space-time intervals in special relativity, while in quantum mechanics, it is embodied in the path integral formulation. The principle is fundamental in understanding quantum particles' behaviour and is the foundation for the Standard Model of particle physics.

The Standard Model of particle physics is based on symmetry principles and asymmetries of nature, underpinning fundamental particles and forces. It is a mathematical framework based on Lagrangian reflecting underlying symmetries and asymmetries in systems, uncovering fundamental particles and forces.

Consciousness and change are fundamentals of reality, causing the Principle of Least Action and symmetry and asymmetries of nature. Consciousness underpins reality to preserve awareness, causing integrity in experience, the Principle of Least Action, and symmetry and asymmetries of nature. Consciousness governs reality, illustrated as an elementary particle in the Standard Model of particle physics, named primion. The updated Standard Model of particle physics is shown in Figure 1. The primion particle introduces consciousness as a fundermental building block of reality, interacting with other elementary particles and governing reality.

Quantum mechanics appears random without considering primion. However, with primion, quantum mechanics becomes causal, deterministic, and unpredictable. Quantum entanglement correlates two particles sharing integrity with specific original consciousness. This shared integrity, guided by primion, results in non-local awareness between entangled particles. The sustained awareness is causal, deterministic, and unpredictable, not random, governed by primion.

Figure 2 illustrates the relationship between quantum entanglement and consciousness. At time ${\displaystyle t_{0}}$, particles ${\displaystyle A}$ and ${\displaystyle B}$ have distinct quantum states. At time ${\displaystyle t_{1}}$, they become entangled through quantum interaction, adhering to energy and momentum conservation. Symmetric quantum interactions result in superposition states, depicted by the entangled wave function. Discrepancies are confined to a non-materialistic conscious dimension, understood through primion behaviour. The properties of primion in entangled states are:

1. Primions undergo fundamental changes characterised by causal, deterministic, and unpredictable shifts.
2. Primions form the basis for the Principle of Least Action, and energy and momentum conservation.
3. Interaction of primions with the environment, through measurement or observation, collapses the wave function, altering material properties.

The characteristics of primions maintain the integrity and establish non-local awareness between particles at time ${\displaystyle t_{2}}$, known as quantum entanglement. This implies shared hidden variables in consciousness during entanglement. Quantum entanglement's causal, deterministic, and unpredictable behaviour (i.e., chaotic behaviour) is governed by primions.

At time ${\displaystyle t_{3}}$, when particle ${\displaystyle A}$'s primion interacts with conscious observation, it disrupts consciousness integrity and collapses the wave function of quantum entanglement. The quantum entanglement sustained integrity between primions of particles ${\displaystyle A}$ and ${\displaystyle B}$, ensuring chaotic behaviour. The collapse of the wave function makes reality local due to a loss of integrity in consciousness.

Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle ^[11] states: ${\displaystyle \Delta x\cdot \Delta p\geq {\frac {\hbar }{2}}}$ where: ${\displaystyle {\begin{array}{rl}\Delta x&:{\text{Uncertainty in position}}\\\Delta p&:{\text{Uncertainty in momentum}}\\\hbar &:{\text{Reduced Planck's constant}}~(\hbar ={\frac {h}{2\pi }})\end{array}}}$

This principle indicates a limit to how precisely certain pairs of physical properties, like a particle's position and momentum, can be known simultaneously. However, this unavoidable observational uncertainty is not an inherent aspect of reality. Consciousness processes information sequentially, focusing on one piece at a time, bringing awareness ^[12], leading to uncertainty when observing physical quantities over shorter space-time intervals, exemplifying quantum behaviours.

Quantum entanglement ^[13] is a quantum physics phenomenon where particles become correlated, making their individual properties not well-defined due to inherent uncertainty. In quantum entanglement, one particle's state cannot be described independently of the other. Mathematically, if particles ${\displaystyle A}$ and ${\displaystyle B}$ are entangled, their joint state is expressed as the wave function: ${\displaystyle |\psi \rangle =\alpha |0\rangle _{A}|1\rangle _{B}+\beta |1\rangle _{A}|0\rangle _{B}}$ where ${\displaystyle \alpha }$ and ${\displaystyle \beta }$ are complex probability amplitudes, and ${\displaystyle |0\rangle }$ and ${\displaystyle |1\rangle }$ are basis states.

The collapse of the wave function occurs during quantum system measurement, causing it to collapse into one of the observable eigenstates. If a quantum state ${\displaystyle \psi }$ undergoes measurement corresponding to observable ${\displaystyle A}$, the post-measurement state is: ${\displaystyle |\psi '\rangle =\sum _{i}c_{i}|\phi _{i}\rangle }$ where ${\displaystyle c_{i}}$ are the probability amplitudes of the eigenstates ${\displaystyle |\phi _{i}\rangle }$ of observable ${\displaystyle A}$.

Bell's theorem ^[14] limits the correlations between distant systems, crucial for understanding quantum entanglement. Consider a system with particles ${\displaystyle A}$ and ${\displaystyle B}$. Hidden variables theory posits local hidden variables determining measurement outcomes, denoted by ${\displaystyle a}$ and ${\displaystyle b}$ for particles ${\displaystyle A}$ and ${\displaystyle B}$, respectively. Bell's inequalities derive from local realism, stating particle properties are determined by the local environment and measuring apparatus settings. Bell's inequality for hidden variables is: ${\displaystyle S=E(a,b)+E(a,b')+E(a',b)-E(a',b')\leq 2}$ where ${\displaystyle a,a',b,b'}$ are possible measurement outcomes, and ${\displaystyle E}$ represents correlation.

Quantum mechanics predicts correlations violating Bell's inequalities, implying local hidden variables cannot explain all quantum phenomena. The Bell-CHSH inequality demonstrates this: ${\displaystyle S=|E(a,b)-E(a,b')+E(a',b)+E(a',b')|\leq 2}$ In experiments, quantum mechanics predicts correlations exceeding this bound, falsifying the classical hidden variable theories. Bell's theorem does not disprove hidden variables but rules out local hidden-variable theories.

Local reality is well-accepted through relativity. Previous research ^{[15] [16]} showed how local reality is constructed through causation governed by fundamental consciousness and change. This is experienced through the five senses, compatible with the Principle of Least Action, relativity, and separable quantum mechanics. The Standard Model of particle physics explores particles and forces governing local reality. In local reality, change is more conspicuous than consciousness.

In contrast, non-local reality is shown in quantum entanglement, described as spooky action at a distance. Unifying local and non-local realities is challenging due to quantum mechanics' apparent randomness. Introducing hidden variables in consciousness maintains integrity in awareness of non-local reality. Updating the Standard Model of particle physics with consciousness, as shown in Figure 1, unifies local and non-local realities through a grand theory of causation based on consciousness and change. The consciousness dimension is represented by the new elementary particle primion. It unifies local and non-local reality, making reality causal, deterministic, and unpredictable. This chaotic nature in Quantum mechanics is misinterpreted as randomness, which can be resolved by primion. Through primion, consciousness can be attributed to Quantum mechanics. That will make Quantum entanglement and non-local reality chaotic, not random.

Non-local reality, where consciousness takes precedence, is an experience beyond the five senses. Consciousness is subjected to change, making change fundamental in non-local reality. Quantum entanglement is explained as non-local reality maintaining integrity in change or awareness beyond space-time constraints.

Previous research ^[17] mathematically modelled consciousness, matter, and energy interplay, illustrating consciousness as fundamental to creating matter and energy. The model correlated the brain's electromagnetic energy to consciousness. Intuitively, the five senses evolved to perceive local reality, while the mind emerges to be aware of both local and non-local realities through consciousness. The conscious model of particle physics allows exploration of mind and body under fundamental physics, understanding the full spectrum of reality, local or non-local.

• Mahendra Samarawickrama (2024). "Mathematical Modeling of Consciousness for Unifying Causation, Relativity and Quantum Mechanics". Journal of Physics: Conference Series. 2701 (1): 012051. Bibcode: 2024JPhCS2701a2051S. doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/2701/1/012051.  This article incorporates text available under the CC BY 3.0 license.

• Samarawickrama, Mahendra (September 2023). "Unifying matter, energy and consciousness". AIP Conference Proceedings. 11th International Conference on Mathematical Modeling in Physical Sciences. 2872 (1): 110001. Bibcode: 2023AIPC.2872k0001S. doi: 10.1063/5.0162815.  This article incorporates text available under the CC BY 4.0 license.

• Samarawickrama, Mahendra (1 February 2024). "Conscious Model of Particle Physics: The Grand Theory Unifying Local and Non-Local Realities". Journal of Physics: Conference Series. 2701 (1): 012110. doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/2701/1/012110.  This article incorporates text from this source, which is available under the CC BY 3.0 license.

• The Theory of Everything
• Unifying Consciousness, Causation, Reality and Physics
• Standard Model of particle physics
• Quantum entanglement