From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Geologic formation in the Mojave Desert, California, U.S.
The Dove Spring Formation (formerly the Ricardo Formation) is a
geologic formation in the western
Mojave Desert of
California.
[1] It preserves
fossils dating back to the
Miocene epoch of the
Neogene
period.
Fossil content
|
|
|
Color key
|
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Notes Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; crossed out taxa are discredited.
|
Mammals
Bats
Carnivorans
Carnivorans reported from the Dove Spring Formation
|
Genus |
Species |
Presence
|
Material |
Notes |
Images
|
Barbourofelis
|
B. osborni
|
Kern County, California.
[1]
|
|
Junior synonym of B. whitfordi.
|
|
B. whitfordi
|
Red Canyon & other localities,
Kern County, California.
[2]
|
Teeth &
mandible.
[2]
|
A
barbourofelid.
|
|
B. sp.
|
LACM localities 6260 & 1108,
Kern County, California.
[2]
|
Left partial
humerus (
LACM 140853) & left distal
humerus (
LACM 59336).
[2]
|
A
barbourofelid also found in the
Green Valley Formation.
|
|
Bassariscus
|
B. sp.
|
Kern County, California.
[1]
|
|
A
procyonid.
|
|
Borophagus
|
B. littoralis
|
Red Rock Canyon,
Kern County, California.
[3]
|
Left maxillary (
LACM 143520).
[3]
|
A
borophagine dog also found in the
Green Valley,
Santa Margarita &
Chanac formations.
|
|
Carpocyon
|
C. robustus
|
Kern County, California.
[3]
|
Partial skeleton (UCMP 33569).
[3]
|
A
borophagine dog.
|
|
cf.
Eomellivora
|
cf. E. sp.
|
Kern County, California.
[1]
|
|
A large
mustelid similar to the
honey badger.
|
|
Epicyon
|
E. aphobus
|
Kern County, California.
[1]
|
|
Junior synonym of E. haydeni.
|
|
E. haydeni
|
Ricardo Fauna,
Kern County, California.
[3]
|
Skull elements.
[3]
|
A
borophagine dog.
|
|
E. saevus
|
Ricardo Fauna,
Kern County, California.
[1]
[3]
|
Ramal elements.
[3]
|
A
borophagine dog.
|
|
"
Felis"
|
"F." sp.
|
Kern County, California.
[1]
|
|
A small
felid.
|
|
Ischyrocyon
|
I. gidleyi
|
Last Chance Gulch,
Kern County, California.
[4]
|
|
A
bear-dog.
|
|
I. mohavensis
|
Kern County, California.
[1]
|
|
Junior synonym of I. gidleyi.
|
|
Leptocyon
|
L. vafer
|
Kern County, California (lower & upper parts of the formation).
[1]
[5]
|
Skull elements.
[5]
|
A
canine dog.
|
|
Martinogale
|
M. faulli
|
Red Rock Canyon,
Kern County, California.
[6]
|
A nearly-complete skull (
LACM 56230).
[6]
|
A
skunk.
|
|
M. sp.
|
Kern County, California.
[1]
|
|
A
skunk.
|
|
"
Mephitis"
|
"M." sp.
|
Kern County, California.
[1]
|
|
A
skunk.
|
|
Metalopex
|
M. macconnelli
|
Red Rock Canyon,
Kern County, California.
[5]
|
Skull elements.
[5]
|
A
fox also found in the
Milk Creek Formation &
Malheur County, Oregon.
|
|
Mustela
|
?M. buwaldi
|
Kern County, California.
[1]
|
|
A
weasel.
|
|
Osteoborus
|
O. diabloensis
|
Kern County, California.
[1]
|
|
Junior synonym of
Borophagus littoralis.
[3]
|
|
Pseudaelurus
|
P. sp.
|
Kern County, California.
[1]
|
|
A
felid.
|
|
Tomarctus
|
T. robustus
|
Kern County, California.
[1]
|
|
Moved to the genus
Carpocyon.
[3]
|
|
T. sp.
|
Kern County, California.
[1]
|
|
A
borophagine dog.
|
|
"
Vulpes"
|
"V." sp.
|
Kern County, California.
[1]
|
|
A
fox.
|
|
Eulipotyphlans
Lagomorphs
Proboscideans
Rodents
Rodents reported from the Dove Spring Formation
|
Genus |
Species |
Presence
|
Material |
Notes |
Images
|
Acrolophomys
|
A. rhodopetros
|
|
Teeth & dentary.
[8]
|
A
cricetid.
|
|
Ammospermophilus
|
A. sp.
|
Kern County, California.
[1]
|
|
An
antelope squirrel.
|
|
Antecalomys
|
A. coxae
|
|
Many teeth.
[8]
|
A
sigmodontine.
|
|
Bensonomys
|
B. sp.
|
Kern County, California.
[8]
|
Maxillae, a dentary & teeth.
[8]
|
A
sigmodontine.
|
|
Copemys
|
C. dentalis
|
Kern County, California.
[1]
|
Dentaries & teeth.
[8]
|
A
cricetid.
|
|
C. cf. C. longidens
|
Kern County, California.
[1]
|
|
A
cricetid.
|
|
C. russelli
|
Kern County, California.
[1]
|
|
A
cricetid.
|
|
C. sp.
|
Kern County, California.
[1]
|
|
A
cricetid.
|
|
C. sp., cf. C. dentalis
|
|
Teeth & jaw elements.
[8]
|
A
cricetid.
|
|
Cupidinimus
|
C. avawatzensis
|
Kern County, California.
[1]
|
|
A
heteromyid also found in the
Avawatz Formation.
|
|
C. tertius
|
Kern County, California.
[1]
|
|
A
heteromyid.
|
|
C. sp.
|
Kern County, California.
[1]
|
|
A small
heteromyid.
|
|
Eucastor
|
E. sp.
|
Kern County, California.
[1]
|
|
A
castorid.
|
|
Leptodontomys
|
L. sp.
|
Kern County, California.
[1]
|
|
An
eomyid.
|
|
Lindsaymys
|
L. takeuchii
|
Kern County, California.
[8]
|
Multiple specimens.
[8]
|
A
cotton rat.
|
|
L. sp., cf. L. takeuchii
|
Kern County, California.
[8]
|
Multiple teeth.
[8]
|
A
cotton rat.
|
|
L. sp. A
|
Kern County, California.
[8]
|
Molars.
[8]
|
A
cotton rat.
|
|
L. sp. B
|
Kern County, California.
[8]
|
Molars.
[8]
|
A
cotton rat.
|
|
Parapliosaccomys
|
P. sp.
|
Kern County, California.
[1]
|
|
A
gopher.
|
|
Paronychomys
|
P. spp.
|
Kern County, California.
[1]
|
|
A
cricetid.
|
|
Perognathus
|
P. furlongi
|
Kern County, California.
[1]
|
|
A
pocket-mouse.
|
|
P. minutus
|
Kern County, California.
[1]
|
|
A
pocket-mouse.
|
|
Postcopemys
|
P. sp., cf. P. valensis
|
|
Teeth & dentary.
[8]
|
A
cricetid.
|
|
Protospermophilus
|
P. sp.
|
Kern County, California.
[1]
|
|
A
squirrel.
|
|
Repomys
|
"R." sp.
|
Kern County, California.
[1]
|
|
A
cricetid.
|
|
cf. R. sp.
|
|
M2 (
LACM 156378).
[8]
|
A
cricetid.
|
|
Tamias
|
T. ateles
|
Kern County, California.
[1]
|
|
A
chipmunk.
|
|
"
Thomomys"
|
"T." sp.
|
Kern County, California.
[1]
|
|
A
gopher.
|
|
Ungulates
Ungulates reported from the Dove Spring Formation
|
Genus |
Species |
Presence
|
Material |
Notes |
Images
|
Aphelops
|
A. sp.
|
Kern County, California.
[1]
|
|
A
rhinoceros.
|
|
Cormohipparion
|
C. occidentale
|
Kern County, California.
[1]
|
Isolated teeth & a lower
mandible.
[9]
|
Remains reassigned to C. sp.
[9]
|
|
C. sp.
|
El Paso Basin.
[9]
|
Isolated teeth & a lower
mandible.
[9]
|
An
equid.
|
|
Cosoryx
|
C. sp.
|
Kern County, California.
[1]
|
|
An
antilocaprid.
|
|
Dinohippus
|
D. cf. D. leardi
|
Kern County, California.
[1]
|
|
An
equid.
|
|
?
Hemiauchenia
|
?H. sp.
|
Kern County, California.
[1]
|
|
A
camelid.
|
|
Hipparion
|
H. forcei
|
Kern County, California.
[1]
|
|
An
equid.
|
|
H. tejonensis
|
Kern County, California.
[1]
|
|
An
equid.
|
|
Ilingoceros
|
I. sp.
|
Kern County, California.
[1]
|
|
An
antilocaprid.
|
|
Megahippus
|
M. cf. M. matthewi
|
Kern County, California.
[1]
|
|
An
equid.
|
|
?
Megatylopus
|
?M. sp.
|
Kern County, California.
[1]
|
|
A
camelid.
|
|
?
Michenia
|
?M. sp.
|
Kern County, California.
[1]
|
|
A
camelid.
|
|
Paracosoryx
|
P. furlongi
|
Kern County, California.
[1]
[10]
|
|
An
antilocaprid.
|
|
Peraceras
|
P. sp.
|
Kern County, California.
[1]
|
|
A
rhinoceros.
|
|
Plioceros
|
P. sp.
|
Kern County, California.
[1]
|
|
An
antilocaprid.
|
|
Pliohippus
|
P. tantulus
|
Kern County, California.
[1]
|
|
An
equid.
|
|
P. tejonensis
|
Kern County, California.
[1]
|
|
An
equid.
|
|
?
Procamelus
|
?P. sp.
|
Kern County, California.
[1]
|
|
A
camelid.
|
|
?
Prosthennops
|
?P. sp.
|
Kern County, California.
[1]
|
|
A
peccary.
|
|
Teleoceras
|
T. cf. T. meridianum
|
Kern County, California.
[1]
|
|
A
rhinoceros.
|
|
Ustatochoerus
|
U. californicus
|
Kern County, California.
[1]
|
|
A
merycoidodontid.
|
|
U. cf. U. profectus
|
Kern County, California.
[1]
|
|
A
merycoidodontid.
|
|
Reptiles
Birds
Squamates
Squamates reported from the Dove Spring Formation
|
Genus |
Species |
Presence
|
Material |
Notes |
Images
|
Anguidae
|
Gen. indet.
|
Kern County, California.
[1]
|
|
A very large
anguid lizard.
|
|
Callisaurus
|
C. sp.
|
Kern County, California.
[1]
|
|
A
zebra-tailed lizard.
|
|
Gerrhonotus
|
G. cf. G. kingi
|
Kern County, California.
[1]
|
|
An
alligator lizard.
|
|
Lichanura
|
L. sp.
|
Kern County, California.
[1]
|
|
A
rosy boa.
|
|
Paleoheterodon
|
P. sp.
|
Kern County, California.
[1]
|
|
A
colubrid snake.
|
|
Paracoluber
|
P. sp.
|
Kern County, California.
[1]
|
|
A
colubrid snake.
|
|
Paragerrhonotus
|
P. ricardensis
|
Kern County, California.
[1]
|
|
An
anguid lizard.
|
|
Proptychophis
|
P. achoris
|
Red Rock Canyon State Park,
Kern County, California.
[1]
[11]
|
Numerous vertebrae & the posterior portion of a right
maxilla.
[11]
|
A
colubrid snake.
|
|
Sceloporus
|
S. sp.
|
Kern County, California.
[1]
|
|
A large
spiny lizard.
|
|
"
Thamnophis"
|
"T." sp.
|
Kern County, California.
[1]
|
|
A
garter snake.
|
|
Uma
|
U. sp.
|
Locality
LACM 4702.
[12]
|
A partial & fused
premaxilla (
LACM 159892).
[12]
|
A
fringe-toed lizard.
|
|
?
Uta
|
?U. sp.
|
Kern County, California.
[1]
|
|
A
side-blotched lizard.
|
|
Xantusia
|
X. sp.
|
Kern County, California.
[1]
|
|
A
night lizard.
|
|
Testudines
Amphibians
Fish
Plants
See also
References
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cv
cw Whistler, David P.; Burbank, D. (1992). "Miocene biostratigraphy and biochronology of the Dove Spring Formation, Mojave Desert, California, and characterization of the Clarendonian mammal age (late Miocene) in California". Geological Society of America Bulletin. 104 (6): 644–658.
Bibcode:
1992GSAB..104..644W.
doi:
10.1130/0016-7606(1992)104<0644:MBABOT>2.3.CO;2.
S2CID
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- ^
a
b
c
d Tseng, Zhijie J.; Takeuchi, Gary T.; Wang, Xiaoming (2010-01-29).
"Discovery of the upper dentition of Barbourofelis whitfordi (Nimravidae, Carnivora) and an evaluation of the genus in California". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 30 (1): 244–254.
doi:
10.1080/02724630903416001.
ISSN
0272-4634.
S2CID
21713508.
- ^
a
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e
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j Wang, Xiaoming; Tedford, Richard H.; Taylor, Beryl E. (1999).
"Phylogenetic systematics of the Borophaginae (Carnivora, Canidae)". Bulletin of the AMNH (243): 9–391.
hdl:
2246/1588.
-
^ Hunt, Robert (1998-01-01).
"Amphicyonidae". Mammalogy Papers: University of Nebraska State Museum: 196–227.
- ^
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d Tedford, Richard H.; Wang, Xiaoming; Taylor, Beryl E. (2009).
Phylogenetic systematics of the North American fossil Caninae (Carnivora, Canidae). (Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, no. 325). [New York] : American Museum of Natural History.
hdl:
2246/5999.
- ^
a
b Wang, Xiaoming; Whistler, David P.; Takeuchi, Gary T. (2005).
"A New Basal Skunk Martinogale (Carnivora, Mephitinae) from Late Miocene Dove Spring Formation, California, and Origin of New World Mephitines". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 25 (4): 936–949.
doi:
10.1671/0272-4634(2005)025[0936:ANBSMC]2.0.CO;2.
ISSN
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JSTOR
4524520.
S2CID
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a
b Osborn, Henry Fairfield; Blick, John C.; Frick, Childs (June 1933).
"Serbelodon burnhami, a new shovel-tusker from California". American Museum Novitates (639): 1–5.
hdl:
2246/2061.
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p Thomas S. Kelly; David P. Whistler (2014).
"New late Miocene (latest Clarendonian to early Hemphillian) cricetid rodents from the upper part of the Dove Spring Formation, Mojave Desert, California" (PDF). Paludicola. 10 (1): 1–48.
- ^
a
b
c
d Woodburne, Michael O. (2007).
"Phyletic diversification of the Cormohipparion occidentale complex (Mammalia, Perissodactyla, Equidae), late Miocene, North America, and the origin of the Old World Hippotherium datum ; Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, no. 306".
hdl:
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^ Prothero, Donald R.; Foss, Scott E. (2007-12-17).
The Evolution of Artiodactyls. JHU Press. p. 229.
ISBN
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- ^
a
b Whistler, David P.; Wright, John W. (1989).
"A Late Miocene Rear-Fanged Colubrid Snake from California with Comments on the Phylogeny of North American Snakes". Herpetologica. 45 (3): 350–367.
ISSN
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JSTOR
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b Scarpetta, Simon G. (2019-09-06).
"The first known fossil Uma: ecological evolution and the origins of North American fringe-toed lizards". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 19 (1): 178.
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10.1186/s12862-019-1501-5.
ISSN
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PMC
6729053.
PMID
31492110.