Dooreh | |
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Coordinates: 37°13′24″N 43°28′7″E / 37.22333°N 43.46861°E | |
Country | Iraq |
Region | Kurdistan Region |
Governorate | Dohuk Governorate |
District | Amadiya District |
Dooreh ( Kurdish: دورێ, [1] Syriac: ܕܘܪܐ) [2] [nb 1] is a village in Dohuk Governorate in Kurdistan Region, Iraq. It is located near the Iraq–Turkey border in the Amadiya District and the historical region of Barwari.
In the village, there is a church of Mar Gewargis, [5] and the ruins of the monastery of Mar Qayyoma. [3] There was previously two shrines dedicated to Mart Maryam and Mar Apius and four cemeteries. [3]
It is suggested that the name of the village is derived from "dūru(m)" ("fortress, wall" in Akkadian). [3] The Akkadian word is loaned into Syriac as ܕܘܼܪܵܐ dūrā (ridge, enclosure) with the plural ܕܘܼܪܹ̈ܐ dūrē, same as the name of the village. [6] [7]
The remains of a fortress nearby Dooreh have been dated to the early period of Assyria in the late third millennium BC, and likely inspired the village's name. [8] The monastery of Mar Qayyoma was founded in the 4th-century AD, and the church of Mar Gewargis was first constructed in 909. [3] The monastery of Mar Qayyoma is first mentioned in the mentioned in the 10th-century Life of Rabban Joseph Busnaya, and had become the seat of the Church of the East diocese of Barwari by 1610. [9] Dooreh itself is mentioned in a manuscript of 1683. [9] In 1850, 20-40 Church of the East families inhabited Dooreh, and were served by two functioning churches and four priests. [3]
Prior to the First World War, Dooreh was populated by 200 Assyrians, [3] who were forced to flee under the leadership of Agha Petros to the vicinity of Urmia in Iran, amidst the Assyrian genocide. [4] Whilst in Iran, 90 villagers died, and 30 women and children were either killed or abducted, [3] and the survivors were settled at the refugee camp at Baqubah in 1918. [10] After residing there for two years, 90 people eventually returned to Dooreh. [10] Dooreh was temporarily deserted again in the early 1930s due to the conflict between the Turkish government and the Kurdish Emir of Barwari. [4] 35 families inhabited the village in 1938, and the population of Dooreh was recorded as 296 people in 1957. [3]
At the onset of the First Iraqi–Kurdish War in 1961, 75 families in 40 houses resided at Dooreh, [4] and the village was damaged by a napalm attack during the war in 1968. [3] Despite this damage, the population increased to 100 families in 75 houses by 1978, in which year on 8 August the village was destroyed by the Iraqi government, and much of its population was forcibly resettled at Batifa. [3] The village's destruction was total, as all houses, churches, farms, and orchards were obliterated. [3] In the aftermath of the 1991 uprisings in Iraq, 30 families returned to Dooreh, [4] and the church of Mar Gewargis was rebuilt in 1995 with support from the Evangelical-Lutheran Church in Württemberg. [5]
By 2011, the Supreme Committee of Christian Affairs had constructed 37 houses and a hall, [2] and the village was inhabited by 250 adherents of the Assyrian Church of the East in the following year. [11] Dooreh was struck by Turkish airstrikes on 1 September 2018 as part of the Kurdish–Turkish conflict. [12]
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