A doctor of both laws, from the Latin doctor utriusque juris, juris utriusque doctor, or doctor juris utriusque ("doctor of both laws") (abbreviations include: JUD, IUD, DUJ, JUDr., DUI, DJU, Dr.iur.utr., Dr.jur.utr., DIU, UJD and UID), is a
scholar who has acquired a
doctorate in both
civil and
church law. The degree was common among
Roman Catholic and German scholars[1] of the Middle Ages and early modern times. Today the degree is awarded by the
Pontifical Lateran University after a period of six years of study, by the
University of Würzburg, and by the
University of Fribourg, as well as the
University of Cologne.[2]
Between approximately the twelfth through the eighteenth centuries European students of law mastered the Ius commune, a pan-European legal system that held sway during that span. It was composed of canon (church) law and Roman and feudal (civil) law, resulting in the degree of "Doctor of both laws".[3] or of "Licentiatus of both laws".
Stephan Kuttner, Professor, Catholic University of America, Yale University, and University of California at Berkeley, founder of the Stephan Kuttner Institute of Medieval Canon Law
^Gottfried Leibniz held the degree. Armgardt, Matthias.
Leibniz as a legal scholar. Fundamina (Pretoria) vol.20 n.1 Pretoria Jan. 2014. Accessed 7 May 2016.