Daehan Cheolligyo | |
Hangul | 대한천리교 |
---|---|
Hanja | |
Revised Romanization | Daehan Cheolligyo |
McCune–Reischauer | Taehan Ch'ŏlligyo |
Daehan Cheolligyo ( Korean: 대한천리교) is a Tenrikyo-based Shinshūkyō (Japanese new religion) that is based in South Korea. It is one of the two South Korean Tenrikyo organizations. Daehan Cheolligyo is known for adopting more localized customs to harmonize with the general post- Japanese colonial cultural atmosphere; the other one is Cheolligyo Han'gukgyodan that still preserves the Japanese Sect Shinto-affiliated cultural aspects in terms of religious practices and direct affiliation with the Tenrikyo Church Headquarters. Its headquarters are currently located in southern Uijeongbu right next to Mangwolsa Station of Seoul Subway Line 1 and Shinhan University 's 2nd campus. [n 1]
The Korean branch of Tenrikyo had to face the public backlashes of anti-Japanese sentiment after the surrender of Japan due to Tenrikyo being a religion of native Japanese origin. This nation-wide circumstance had created an environment in which the Korean Tenrikyo adherents could not practice their religion openly in public.
The first attempt to make an autonomous and indigenous Korean Tenrikyo organization was led by Kim Gi-su (김기수; 金杞洙) in May 1947 who founded the General Association of Tenrikyo (천리교연합회; 天理敎聯合會) that did not exist as an officially approved legal corporation. [3] The disorganized social and political situation in South Korea at the time did not unite Tenrikyo followers instantly. In general, the collective hardship continued even further due to the growth of Christianity in South Korea. Another group of Korean Tenrikyo adherents reformed their religion and eventually established Cheon'gyeongsuyang'won [n 3] with government approval in Seoul in 1948 as a way to cut down the overt Japanese connection within Korea's Tenrikyo communities, then evolved into General Association of Korean Tenrikyo (대한천리교연합회; 大韓天理敎聯合會) on 14 December 1952 by the thirty-three members of Cheon'gyeongsuyang'won in Daegu during the Korean War. [5]
The financial and charity arm of the religious organization, Incorporated Foundation Daehan Cheolligyodan, was established on 14 October 1963. [6]
The headquarters were moved from Cheongpa-dong in Yongsan District to Uijeongbu around late 2000s and early 2010s [n 4] for the purpose of future exchanges with North Korea. [9]
The head of Daehan Cheolligyo is called gyotong (교통; 敎統), a subordinate of the gyotong is called gyoui (교의; 敎議), [n 5] and its congregations are called gyohoe (교회; 敎會) or churches in Korean.
Daehan Cheolligyo does not largely develop an independent path from Tenrikyo's regional church practices in Japan, but only Korean-ized or removed the verbose Shinto-based elements in the religious practices.
Unlike its Japanese origin, Daehan Cheolligyo's adherents directly pray to the wooden kanrodai fixtures (while the one in the headquarters in Uijeongbu is much bigger) that are installed within the main halls of respective churches instead of mirrors from Shinto traditions during the localized services appropriate for the Korean social environment. [11] [12] [13]
Daehan Cheolligyo emphasizes particularly on the Three Instructions (삼개훈; 三個訓) and Eight Precepts (팔계훈; 八戒銘) [14] [15]
The detail of the two codes are: [16]
이와중에 1947년 5월에 김기수를 발기인으로 한 비공인 '천리교연합회'가 서울에서 결성,[During the time, the unofficially approved General Association of Tenrikyo was formed with Kim Gi-su as the initiator in May 1947]
대한천리교는 나카야마 미키(1798~1887)가 1838년에 창시했으며, 1893년 부산에서 포교를 시작한 이래 1963년 10월14일 재단법인 대한천리교단 인가 취득 후 현재에 이르고 있다.[Daehan Cheolligyo was founded by Nakayama Miki (1798-1887) in 1838, started conducting (its first Korean) missionary activities in Busan and the Incorporated Foundation Daehan Cheolligyodan was established on 14 October 1963 and continues on to this day.]
대한천리교본부; 140-131 서울시 용산구 청파동 1가 121-3호[Daehan Cheolligyo Headquarters; 121-No.3 Cheongpa-dong 1-ga Yongsan-gu Seoul (currently 90, Cheongpa-ro 47na-gil, Yongsan-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea)]
2011년 3월 새빛관 2,270.2㎡(687평) RENOVATION을 완료하다.[The renovation of Saebitgwan that occupies 2,270.2㎡ of land was completed in March 2011. (Saebitgwan is also 90, Cheongpa-ro 47na-gil, Yongsan-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea)]
일본의 천리교가 일본의 전통 종교나 다름없는 신도의 상징물인 신경(神鏡)을 예배대상으로 삼은 것에 반발해 국내 천리교는 1985년부터 '신경' 대신 '감로대'로 신앙대상을 바꾸는 등 일본의 천리교의 전통과 사상을 달리해 왔다.[The main object of worship is considered to be a divine mirror (神鏡, shinkyou) in Japan's Tenrikyo, in which it is nevertheless not that distant from the Japanese traditional belief called Shinto that became a target for objection (by the Korean Tenrikyo adherents at that time). It is thus, Korea's domestic Tenrikyo religious scene switched the object of worship from a divine mirror to kanrodai in 1985, marking a divergence from Tenrikyo's traditions and beliefs.]
This altar contains no images, for divinity in the Tenrikyo and Shinto tradiition generallly does not take human form. Instead there are three simple cabinetlike shrines. When they stand open for worship, they reveal the gleaming mirrors that in Japan betoken the presence of kami (gods).
천리교에서는 예배상징물로서 일본 천황의 선조인 천조대신(天照大神)을 상징하는「야다노가가미」를 상징하는 신각(神閣)과 신(神)을 상징하는 [탑]을 뜻하는 감대로(甘露臺)를 두고 있는데 최근에는 일본의 국조를 모시는 신각의 사용여부를 놓고 심각한 내부갈등을 일으키키도 하였다.[In Tenrikyo, the object of worship is the divine altar that symbolizes Yata no Kagami, the representation of the ancestor of the Japanese emperors, Amaterasu and the kanrodai that symbolizes God the Parent, but recently there were internal disputes on whether the divine altar would be continued as an object of worship.]
인간은 이 원신을 신앙하며 삼개훈(三個訓)과 팔계명(八戒銘)을 철저히 지켜 수행해나가면 스스로가 구원되어 재난과 질병을 면하고 세상은 감로대세계(甘露臺世界), 즉 지상천국이 된다는 것이다.[Humankind reveres this primoral deity and if one strictly follow the Three Instructions and Eight Precepts while being accustomed to both regulations, then he or she autonomously attains salvation and overcomes disasters and diseases in order to achieve the Kanrodai World, i.e. the paradise on earth.]
앞으로 삼개훈과 팔계명을 잘 실천하고, 진실한 마음으로 주위에 감사하며 사랑하는 삶을 살도록 노력하겠습니다.[From now on, (we will) gladly follow the Three Instructions and Eight Precepts, and pour efforts to live a life of love as (we) spread graditude to (our) surrounding from our honest heart.]