The burning of Judas is an
Easter-time ritual that originated in European[1]Christian communities where an
effigy of
Judas Iscariot is burned. Other related mistreatment of Judas effigies include hanging, flogging, and exploding with fireworks.[2][3] A similar ritual in
Jewish tradition would be the hanging and burning an effigy of
Haman and his ten sons during
Purim, although this is not a widespread contemporary practice.[4][5]
Though not an official part of the Easter liturgical cycle, the custom is typically a part of the reenactment of the story of the
Passion that is practiced by the faithful during Easter. Customs vary, but the effigy of Judas is typically hanged (reenacting
Matthew 27:5) on
Good Friday, then burned on the night of Easter Sunday.
In many parts of
Latin America this practice occurs on the eve of the New Year as a symbol of ridding one's self of evil and beginning a new year in spiritual purity. Some communities observe this ritual using various effigies, including the biblical Judas (who betrayed
Jesus). This custom, during which the effigy is burned on a stake, is called "Quema del Judas" ("the burning of Judas") in Uruguay and Argentina, and "Quema del Año Viejo" ("the burning of the old year")[6] in other places.
The Czech tradition of drowning and burning an effigy of Judas (vodění Jidáše) is still practiced in a number of villages in the
Pardubice Region. The Czech mint issued a gold coin in 2015 to commemorate this folk custom,[30] which was nominated for
UNESCO protection as part of that nation's cultural heritage.[31]
Judas burnings also took place in the district of
Dingle, in
Liverpool,
England, in the early and mid-twentieth century, but was often stopped by the police.[32] In Liverpool's South End bands of children still practiced this custom in the late twentieth century. The last burning of the Judas was in 1971 and was conducted by local legend Alan Rietdyk on waste ground between Prophet Street and Northumberland Street in the Liverpool 8 area.[33] The burning of Judas is not traditional to England, although a very similar custom of
burning Catholic rebel Guy Fawkes in effigy exists. The practice of burning an effigy of the
Pope Paul V also continues to exist in England, where as many as 50,000 Protestants gather on
Bonfire Night in Lewes to observe the festivities.[34]
In Latin America, despite the controversial nature of
antisemitism associated with the "burning of the Jew" (one of the custom's many monikers), although the practice does exist in the above stated form it is not regarded as an act of hostility towards the
Jewish people or ethnicity but is simply representative of "evil", thus not differing in any way from the other effigies listed.[35][failed verification]
In popular culture
The tradition is featured in the 1974 Venezuelan homonymous film La quema de Judas (English: The burning of Judas).[36]
^Hole, Christina (1976).
British folk customs. Hutchinson. p. 38.
ISBN9780091273408. BURNING JUDAS suit of men's clothes and having a comic mask over its face. It looks very much like the traditional guy of November 5th (see Guy Fawkes Day), but it is supposed to represent Judas Iscariot. When the sun rises, the leader of a ...
^Sandro Contenta, “Fiery ritual ignites passions: English town clings to ancient practice of burning effigy of pope in its blazing celebration of Bonfire Night,” Toronto Star, November 4, 2006