From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Genus of grasses
Brachypodium is a
genus of plants in the
grass family , widespread across much of
Africa ,
Eurasia , and
Latin America .
[5]
[6]
[7]
[8]
[9]
[10] The genus is classified in its own tribe Brachypodieae .
[11]
Flimsy upright stems form
tussocks . Flowers appear in compact spike-like racemes with 5-25 flowers on each short-stalked spikelet in summer. Leaves are flat or curved.
[12]
[13]
According to a study published in 2010, there is evidence of Brachypodium and cattail (
Typha spp.) residues occurring on prehistoric human grinding tools dated 28,000 years ago from Bilancino in central Italy.
[14] Another contemporaneously published study stated that the grain residues resemble Brachypodium , based on a comparison to two modern specimens: "Among these, the grains, which are slightly angular, with hardly visible centric, point-shaped hila and adequate dimensions (in the sample measuring 9–14 μm), appeared very similar to those of Brachypodium or related genera."
[15]
Species
[4]
[16]
Brachypodium × ambrosii -
Spain
Brachypodium × apollinaris -
Spain
Brachypodium arbusculum -
Canary Islands
Brachypodium bolusii -
Lesotho ,
South Africa
Brachypodium × cugnacii -
Denmark ,
Ireland ,
France ,
Czech Republic
Brachypodium × diazii -
Spain
Brachypodium distachyon -
Mediterranean ,
Sahara ,
Sahel , southwest
Asia from
Portugal +
Cape Verde to
Sudan +
Ukraine +
Tibet
Brachypodium firmifolium -
Cyprus
Brachypodium flexum -
Africa from
Sierra Leone to
KwaZulu-Natal +
Madagascar
Brachypodium humbertianum -
Madagascar
Brachypodium kawakamii -
Taiwan
Brachypodium kotschyi -
Turkey
Brachypodium madagascariense -
Madagascar
Brachypodium mexicanum -
Mexico ,
Central America ,
Venezuela ,
Colombia ,
Ecuador ,
Peru ,
Bolivia
Brachypodium perrieri -
Madagascar
Brachypodium phoenicoides -
Mediterranean from
Portugal +
Morocco to
Greece
Brachypodium pinnatum -
Africa +
Eurasia from
Ireland +
Morocco to
China +
Yakutia
Brachypodium pringlei -
Mexico (
Nuevo León ,
Tamaulipas ,
Coahuila )
Brachypodium retusum -
Mediterranean + nearby areas from
Portugal +
Morocco to
Ethiopia +
Caucasus
Brachypodium sylvaticum -
Africa +
Eurasia from
Ireland +
Morocco to
Korea +
New Guinea
formerly included
[4]
numerous species once considered members of Brachypodium but now considered better suited to other genera:
Agropyron
Anthosachne
Arundinella
Brachyelytrum
Brachysteleum
Catapodium
Cutandia
Distichlis
Elymus
Festuca
Festucopsis
Lolium
Micropyrum
Poa
Ptychomitrium
Rostraria
Triticum
Vulpia
See also
References
^ lectotype designated by Niles & Chase, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 24: 196 (1925)
^
Tropicos, Brachypodium P. Beauv.
^ painting by the Swedish botanist C. A. M. Lindman (1856–1928), taken from his book(s) Bilder ur Nordens Flora (first edition published 1901–1905, supplemented edition 1917–1926?).
^
a
b
c
Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
^
Palisot de Beauvois, Ambroise Marie François Joseph. 1812. Essai d'une Nouvelle Agrostographie 100-101 in Latin
^
Palisot de Beauvois, Ambroise Marie François Joseph. 1812. Essai d'une Nouvelle Agrostographie plante XIX (19) , figure III (3 a-f) line drawings of Brachypodium pinnatum
^
Flora of China, Vol. 22 Page 368 短柄草族 duan bing cao zu Poaceae Tribe Brachypodieae
^
Flora of Pakistan, Brachypodium P. Beauv.
^
Altervista Flora Italiana, genere Brachypodium
^
Sanbi Red List of South African Plants
^ Soreng, Robert J.; Peterson, Paul M.; Romaschenko, Konstantin; Davidse, Gerrit; Teisher, Jordan K.; Clark, Lynn G.; Barberá, Patricia; Gillespie, Lynn J.; Zuloaga, Fernando O. (2017).
"A worldwide phylogenetic classification of the Poaceae (Gramineae) II: An update and a comparison of two 2015 classifications" . Journal of Systematics and Evolution . 55 (4): 259–290.
doi :
10.1111/jse.12262 .
hdl :
10261/240149 .
ISSN
1674-4918 .
^ Watson L, Dallwitz MJ. (2008).
"The grass genera of the world: descriptions, illustrations, identification, and information retrieval; including synonyms, morphology, anatomy, physiology, phytochemistry, cytology, classification, pathogens, world and local distribution, and references" . The Grass Genera of the World . Retrieved 2009-08-19 .
^ Lord, Tony (2003) Flora : The Gardener's Bible : More than 20,000 garden plants from around the world. London: Cassell.
ISBN
0-304-36435-5
^ Callaway, Ewen (October 18, 2010).
"Stone Age flour found across Europe" . naturenews . Retrieved October 12, 2011 .
^ Revedin, Anna; et al. (November 2, 2010).
"Thirty thousand-year-old evidence of plant food processing" . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 107 (44): 18815–18819.
Bibcode :
2010PNAS..10718815R .
doi :
10.1073/pnas.1006993107 .
PMC
2973873 .
PMID
20956317 .
^
The Plant List search for Brachypodium
External links
Brachypodium Brachypodieae