Botryosphaeria stevensii (Apple sphaeropsis) is a fungal
plant pathogen that causes
cankers on several tree species including
apple and
juniper as well as causing cankers on
grape vines.[3] It causes branch
dieback, possibly affecting a large portion of the tree canopy, and if severe it can kill entire plants.[4]
It was originally found on fallen fruit of Malus pumila in Great Britain and published and described by
Berk as Sphaeropsis malorum in 1836 .[5][2] With the epithet 'malorum' derived from the Latin for Apple.
It is first seen as multiple very small, black pimples or pustules under the fruit skin before they break through the covering. Then a black conical protuberance appears, which is the spore-case of the fungus. Then a cluster of pale spores appears, on a short stem or pedicel. Later they turn black or black/brown and break off the pedicels. The spores then leave the spore-case by a small aperture at the top of the case. Infections can occur in winter or spring in the US.[6]
Its anamorph was revealed to be Diplodia mutila.[7]
It has been found on Rocky Mountain juniper (Juniperus scopulorum) in windbreak and ornamental plantings in the US.
Multiple, coalescing cankers resulted in branch dieback and sometimes tree mortality. The fungus also was pathogenic to and caused canker formation on eastern redcedar (Juniperus virginiana) and Chinese juniper (Juniperus chinensis)[4]
Prevention efforts may include careful selection of plants, including resistant
cultivars, planting in well-draining loose soils, exposure to light and plant spacing to reduce moisture retention.[8]