Barinophyton was a genus of early land plant with branching axes. It is placed in a group of early
vascular plants (tracheophytes), the
barinophytes, a group that has been given various ranks and scientific names.[4] Known fossils are of
Devonian to
Carboniferous age (419 to 299 million years ago).[1]
Phylogeny
Kenrick and Crane in 1997 placed two species of Barinophyton along with the genus Protobarinophyton in the Barinophytaceae in their
Sawdoniales, well nested within the
zosterophylls.[5] A summary cladogram produced by Crane et al. in 2004, shows Barinophyton in the core of a
paraphyleticstem group of broadly defined
zosterophylls, basal to the
lycopsids (living and extinct clubmosses and relatives).[6]
The
phylogenetic position of the barinophytes remains disputed. Taylor et al. in 2009 considered the barinophytes to be possible lycopsids rather than zosterophylls.[1] Hao and Xue in 2013 suggested that they were not lycopsids, instead falling between this group and the
euphyllophytes.[7]
References
^
abcTaylor, T.N.; Taylor, E.L. & Krings, M. (2009). Paleobotany, The Biology and Evolution of Fossil Plants (2nd ed.). Amsterdam; Boston: Academic Press. pp. 325–326.
ISBN978-0-12-373972-8.
^White, D. (1905). "Paleontology". In Smith, G.O. & White, D. (eds.).
The Geology of the Perry Basin of South-eastern Maine(PDF). Professional Paper 35. Washington, DC: United States Geological Survey. pp. 35–84. Retrieved 2019-10-28.
^Brauer, D.F. (1980). "Barinophyton citrulliforme (Barinophytales Incertae Sedis, Barinophytaceae) from the Upper Devonian of Pennsylvania". American Journal of Botany. 67 (8): 1186–1206.
doi:
10.1002/j.1537-2197.1980.tb07752.x. Cited in
Brauer (1981).
^Brauer, David F. (1981). "Heterosporous, barinophytacean plants from the upper Devonian of North America and a discussion of the possible affinities of the Barinophytaceae". Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology. 33 (2–4): 347–362.
doi:
10.1016/0034-6667(81)90092-0.
^Kenrick, Paul & Crane, Peter R. (1997). The Origin and Early Diversification of Land Plants: A Cladistic Study. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press. p. 172.
ISBN978-1-56098-730-7.
^Crane, P.R.; Herendeen, P. & Friis, E.M. (2004). "Fossils and plant phylogeny". American Journal of Botany. 91 (10): 1683–99.
doi:10.3732/ajb.91.10.1683.
PMID21652317.