AwyuâOk | |
---|---|
Digul River â Ok | |
Geographic distribution | central New Guinea |
Linguistic classification |
TransâNew Guinea
|
Proto-language | Proto-AwyuâOk |
Subdivisions |
|
Glottolog | awyu1265 |
The AwyuâOk languages are a group of TransâNew Guinea families in central New Guinea established by Timothy Usher, though with precedents in earlier studies.
The three language families in AwyuâOk are as follows: [1]
The Oksapmin language is sometimes classified as the nearest relative of Ok. However, it's unclear whether the similarities are due to relationship or to contact between Oksapmin and Mountain Ok (or both).
Proto-AwyuâOk | |
---|---|
Reconstruction of | AwyuâOk languages |
Reconstructed ancestor | |
Lower-order reconstructions |
Usher (2020) reconstructs the consonant inventory as follows: [1]
Bilabial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
plain | labialized | |||||
Nasal | *m | *n | ||||
Plosive | plain | *p | *t | *k | *kÊ· | |
prenasalized | *á”b | *âżd | *âżdz | *á”ÉĄ | *á”ÉĄÊ· | |
Fricative | *s | |||||
Semivowel | *w | *j | ||||
Rhotic | *ÉŸ |
Usher (2020) reconstructs the pronouns as: [1]
sg | pl | |
---|---|---|
1excl | *ne | *nu |
1incl | *nup | |
2m | *Ćgep | *Ćgip |
2f | *Ćgup | |
3m | *eË | *i |
3f | *u |
The third-person pronouns are an innovation shared with the neighboring branch of TransâNew Guinea, Anim. The AwyuâOk second-person pronouns show the same vowel ablaut for gender as well.
Some lexical reconstructions of Proto-Digul River-Ok, Proto-Digul River, and Proto-Ok by Usher (2020) are: [1]
gloss | Proto-Digul River-Ok | Proto-Digul River | Proto-Ok |
---|---|---|---|
eye | *kiËn(-roËp) | *kin-rop | *kiËn(-roËp) |
mouth/tooth | *maĆgoËt | *maĆgot | *maĆgoËt |
tongue | *poËĆg | *pon-kat | *poËĆg |
blood/men's house | *kaim | *kaim | *kaim |
bone | *kundoËR | *kundor | *kundoËR |
skin/bark | *kaËnd | *ka[Ë]t | *kaËnd |
breast | *[aË/oË]m; *noËn | *[a/o]m; *non | |
dog | *majaËn; *t[i/eË]nd | *m[a]jan; *t[i/e]t | *majaËn; *tind |
egg | *w[ai]ndin | *w[ai]ndin | *windin |
sun/day | *[a]taËp | *[a]ta[Ë]p | *[a]taËp |
moon | *wakoËr | *wakor | *wakoËr |
water | *[aË/oË]k | *[a/o][Ë]k | *oËk |