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Ancient Roman family
Marcus Antonius , one of the most well known members of the gens.
The gens Antonia was a
Roman family of great antiquity, with both
patrician and
plebeian branches. The first of the
gens to achieve prominence was
Titus Antonius Merenda , one of the second group of
Decemviri called, in 450 BC, to help draft what became the
Law of the Twelve Tables . The most prominent member of the gens was
Marcus Antonius .
[1]
Origin
Marcus Antonius , the
triumvir , claimed that his gens was descended from Anton, a son of
Heracles .
[2] According to ancient traditions the Antonii were
Heracleidae and because of that Marcus Antonius harnessed lions to his chariot to commemorate his descent from Heracles, and many of his coins bore a lion for the same reason.
[2]
[3]
[4]
[1]
Praenomina
The patrician Antonii used the
praenomina
Titus and
Quintus . Titus does not appear to have been used by the plebeian Antonii, who instead used Quintus,
Marcus ,
Lucius , and
Gaius . There are also a few instances of
Aulus , while Marcus Antonius the triumvir named one of his sons Iulus . This name, also borne by a later descendant of the triumvir, may have been an ancient praenomen revived by the family, but it was probably also intended to call to mind the connections of his family with the illustrious
gens Julia .
Branches and cognomina
The patrician Antonii bear the
cognomen Merenda ; the plebeian Antonii bear no surname under the Republic, with the exception of Quintus Antonius,
propraetor in
Sardinia in the time of
Sulla , who is called Balbus on coins.
[1]
Members
This list includes abbreviated
praenomina . For an explanation of this practice, see
filiation .
Titus Antonius Merenda ,
Decemvir in 450 BC, defeated by the
Aequi on
Mount Algidus .
[5]
[6]
[7]
Quintus Antonius T. f. Merenda ,
consular tribune in 422 BC.
[8]
[7]
Marcus Antonius ,
magister equitum in 333 BC.
[9]
[10]
Lucius Antonius, expelled from the
Senate by the
censors in 307 BC for divorcing his wife.
[11]
Quintus Antonius, one of the officers in the fleet under the praetor
Lucius Aemilius Regillus , in the war with
Antiochus the Great , in 190 BC.
[12]
Aulus Antonius, sent by the
consul
Lucius Aemilius Paullus , with two others to
Perseus , after the defeat of the latter, in 168 BC.
[13]
Marcus Antonius,
tribune of the plebs in 167 BC, opposed the bill introduced by the praetor Marcus Juventius Thalna for declaring war against the Rhodians.
[14]
Lucius Antonius, defended by
Cato the Elder
c. 150 BC .
[15]
Gaius Antonius, 2nd-century BC moneyer, was for many years incorrectly assumed to have been the father of the orator and consul of 99 BC.
[16]
Marcus Antonius M. f., father of Marcus Antonius the orator, may have been the son of Marcus Antonius, tribune of the plebs in 167 BC.
Marcus Antonius M. f. M. n. , the orator,
praetor in 104 BC, consul in 99 BC, censor in 97 BC, put to death by
Gaius Marius and
Lucius Cornelius Cinna in 87 BC.
Quintus Antonius Balbus, praetor in
Sardinia in 82 BC, killed by
Lucius Marcius Philippus , the
legate of
Sulla .
[17]
Marcus Antonius Gnipho , a distinguished rhetorician and tutor of
Caesar .
Marcus Antonius M. f. M. n. , surnamed Creticus , praetor in 75 BC.
Gaius Antonius M. f. M. n. , surnamed Hybrida , consul in 63 BC.
Antonia M. f. M. n. , the daughter of Marcus Antonius the orator, was captured by pirates, and ransomed.
[18]
Antonia M. f. M. n. , wife of
Publius Vatinius .
Marcus Antonius M. f. M. n. , the
triumvir , was magister equitum in 47 and consul in 44 BC.
Gaius Antonius M. f. M. n. , praetor in 44 BC, was put to death by
Brutus in 42.
Lucius Antonius M. f. M. n. , surnamed Pietas , consul in 41 BC.
Antonia C. f. M. n. Hybrida Major, married
Lucius Caninius Gallus .
[19]
Antonia C. f. M. n. Hybrida Minor, married her cousin, Marcus Antonius, the triumvir, but was divorced from him in 47 B.C.
[20]
[21]
Antonia M. f. M. n. , daughter of the triumvir, who was betrothed to
Marcus Aemilius Lepidus the younger.
[22]
[23]
Marcus Antonius M. f. M. n. , called Antyllus by the Greek writers, put to death by
Augustus in 30 BC.
Iulus Antonius M. f. M. n. , consul in 10 BC, condemned to death by Augustus in 2 BC.
Antonia M. f. M. n. Major , the wife of
Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus , was grandmother of the empress
Messalina and the emperor
Nero .
[24]
[25]
Antonia M. f. M. n. Minor , the wife of
Nero Claudius Drusus , was mother of the emperor
Claudius , and grandmother of
Caligula .
Antonius Musa , a physician at the time of
Augustus , and author of works on medicine and medicinal plants.
Lucius Antonius Iuli f. M. n. , exiled to
Massilia in 2 BC.
[26]
Iula Antonia Iuli f. M. n. , daughter Iulus Antonius, the consul of 10 BC.
Lucius Antonius Pedo, an eques who was praefectus of
Roman Egypt around AD 11.
[27]
Antonia Tryphaena , Queen of Thrace, and a granddaughter of Marcus Antonius, the triumvir.
Antonius Atticus , a Roman rhetorician of the first century; he was contemporary with both
Seneca and
Quintilian .
[28]
Aulus Antonius Rufus, consul suffectus in AD 45
[29]
Marcus Antonius Felix , a
freedman of the emperor Claudius, later
procurator of
Judaea .
Marcus Antonius Pallas , a freedman, brother to Marcus Antonius Felix. Secretary first to Claudius, and then to Nero, who had him executed in AD 63.
Antonia, wife of a Livius, perhaps a senator.
[30]
[31]
Antonius Natalis , one of the
conspirators of
Gaius Calpurnius Piso against Nero.
Marcus Antonius Julianus , procurator of Judaea from AD 66 to 70.
Lucius Antonius Naso , tribune of the
Praetorian Guard in AD 69, and procurator of
Bithynia in the reign of
Vespasian .
[32]
[33]
Antonius Flamma , governor of
Cyrenaica under Nero, banished at the beginning of Vespasian's reign for his extortion and cruelty.
[34]
Antonius Novellus , one of
Otho 's principal generals, but possessed no influence with the soldiery.
[35]
Antonius Castor , a botanist at Rome during the first century, who lived more than a hundred years.
[36]
Antonius Rufus , a Latin grammarian, and perhaps also a playwright, in the time of Quintilian.
[37]
[38]
Antonius, a Roman of high rank, and a contemporary and friend of
Pliny the Younger , among whose letters there are three addressed to Antoninus. Pliny heaps the most extravagant praise upon his friend both for his personal character and his skill in composing Greek epigrams and iambics.
[39]
Marcus Antonius L. f. Iuli n. , the principal general of
Vespasian , and consul in AD 69.
Marcus Antonius Primus, Camillus with the arvals in 118.
[40]
Antonius Taurus, a tribune in the Praetorian Guard in AD 69.
[32]
Marcus Antonius M. f. Agrippa, son of Marcus Antonius Felix, the procurator of Judaea, died in the eruption of
Mount Vesuvius in AD 79.
Antonia M. f. Clementiana, daughter of Marcus Antonius Felix.
Lucius Antonius Saturninus , governor of
Germania Superior , rebelled against the emperor
Domitian in AD 91.
Lucius Antonius Albus, consul in AD 102.
[41]
Marcus Antonius Rufinus, consul in AD 131.
[42]
Lucius Antonius L. f. Albus , consul suffectus around AD 132.
[43]
Marcus Antonius Hiberus , consul ordinarius in 133.
Antonius Diogenes , author of a Greek romance, who may have lived in the second century.
Antonius , a notable herbalist mentioned by
Galen , probably dated to the second century, but perhaps the same person as Antonius Castor.
Antonius Julianus, a friend and contemporary of
Aulus Gellius , and a teacher of grammar and oratory.
[44]
Marcus Antonius Polemon , a celebrated sophist and rhetorician who flourished under
Trajan ,
Hadrian , and
Antoninus Pius .
Julius Antonius Seleucus , governor of Moesia in the early 3rd century. Possibly the same figure as the contemporary
usurper Seleucus, who revolted against
Elagabalus . Other sources identify him with the consul Marcus Flavius Vitellius Seleucus.
Marcus Antonius Sabinus,
equestrian governor of
Mauretania Caesariensis AD 215–217.
[45]
Marcus Antonius Gordianus I , surnamed Africanus , emperor in AD 238.
Marcus Antonius M. f. Gordianus II , emperor with his father in AD 238.
Antonia M. f. Gordiana , daughter of the emperor
Gordianus I , and mother of
Gordianus III .
Marcus Antonius Gordianus III , grandson of Gordianus I, and emperor from AD 238 to 244.
Claudius Antonius , consul in AD 382.
Rufius Antonius Agrypnius Volusianus ,
proconsul of
Africa ,
praefectus urbi from AD 417 to 418, and
praetorian prefect of Italy .
See also
References
Citations
^
a
b
c Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology , vol. I, p. 210 ("
Antonia Gens ").
^
a
b Plutarch,
"The Life of Marcus Antonius" , 36, 60.
^ Pliny the Elder, viii. 16. s. 21; comp. Cicero, Epistulae ad Atticum , x. 13.
^ Eckhel, Doctrina Numorum Veterum , vi. pp. 38, 44.
^ Dionysius, x. 58, xi. 23, 33.
^ Livy, iii. 35, 38, 41, 42.
^
a
b
Fasti Capitolini
AE
1900, 83 ; 1904, 114.
^ Livy, iv. 42.
^ Fasti Capit
^ Livy, viii. 17.
^ Valerius Maximus, ii. 9. § 2.
^ Livy, xxxvii. 32.
^ Livy, xlv. 4.
^ Livy, xlv. 21, 40.
^ Priscian. p. 286.
^ Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology , vol. I, p. 213 ("Antonius", No. 7).
^ Florus, 86.
^ Plutarch, "The Life of Pompeius", 24.
^ Valerius Maximus, iv. 2. § 6.
^ Cicero, Philippicae , ii. 38.
^ Plutarch], "The Life of Marcus Antonius", 9.
^ Cassius Dio, xliv. 53.
^ Appian, Bellum Civile , v. 93.
^ Suetonius, "The Life of Nero", 5.
^ Plutarch, "The Life of Marcus Antonius", 87.
^ Tacitus, Annales , iv. 44.
^ Bastianini, "Prefetti d'Egitto", p. 269.
^ Seneca the Elder, Suasoriae , 2. p. 19 (ed.
Bipontina ).
^ Gallivan, "The Fasti for the Reign of Claudius", pp. 408, 424.
^ Raepsaet-Charlier, Prosopographie des femmes , vol. 1, p. 91.
^ Bruun, Christer (2007).
"Nero's 'Architects', Severus and Celer, and Residence Patterns in Rome" . Scripta Classica Israelica . 26 : 73–86.
^
a
b Tacitus, Historiae , i. 20.
^ J. Eckhel, Doctrina Numorum Veterum , ii. p. 404.
^ Tacitus, Historiae , iv. 45.
^ Tacitus, Historiae , i. 87, ii. 12.
^ Pliny the Elder, xxv. 5.
^ Quintilian, Institutio Oratoria , i. 5. § 43.
^ Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology , vol. III, p. 670 ("
Antonius Rufus ").
^ Pliny the Younger, Epistulae , iv. 3, 18, v. 10.
^ Rüpke and Glock, Fasti Sacerdotum , p. 538.
^ Cooley, Cambridge Manual of Latin Epigraphy , p. 467.
^ Cooley, Cambridge Manual of Latin Epigraphy , p. 470.
^ Alföldy, Konsulat und Senatorenstand , p. 213.
^ Aulus Gellius, Noctes Atticae , iv. 1, ix. 15, xv. 1, xviii. 5, xix. 9, xx. 9.
^
AE
1955, 56
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