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Genus of bacteria
Alteromonas is a genus of
Pseudomonadota
[1] found in sea water, either in the open ocean or in the
coast . It is
Gram-negative . Its cells are curved rods with a single polar
flagellum .
The etymology of the genus is Latin alter -tera -terum , another, different;
monas (μονάς) , a noun with a special meaning in microbiology used to mean unicellular organism; to give Alteromonas , another monad
[2]
Members of the genus Alteromonas can be referred to as alteromonads (viz.
Trivialisation of names ).
The genus was described by Baumann et al. in 1972,
[3] but was emended by Novick and Tyler 1985 to accommodate Alteromonas luteoviolacea (now
Pseudoalteromonas luteoviolacea ),
[4] Gauthier et al. 1995, who split the genus in two (
Pseudoalteromonas )
[5] and Van Trappen et al. in 2004 to accommodate Alteromonas stellipolaris .
[6]
"Alteromonas-like sub-group" has been identified by microbial culture, metagenomics, and FISH-probe microscopy in the
typhlosole sub-organ of the
shipworm cecum as a
symbiont digesting
lignin .
[7]
The genus contains eight species (but 21 basonyms), namely
[2]
A. addita (Ivanova et al . 2005, added, joined to the genus)
A. genovensis ( Vandecandelaere et al . 2008, genovensis , pertaining to Genova (Genoa), Italy, where the seawater electroactive
biofilms originated)
[8]
A. hispanica ( Martínez-Checa et 'al . 2005, hispanica , Spanish)
A. litorea ( Yoon et al. . 2004, litorea , of the shore)
A. macleodii ( Baumann et al. 1972 (type species of the genus, named after R.A. MacLeod, a Canadian microbiologist who pioneered studies on the biochemical bases of the Na+ requirement of marine bacteria)
[8]
A. marina ( Yoon et al. . 2003, marina , of the sea, marine)
A. simiduii ( Chiu et al. . 2007, named after Usio Simidu, a Japanese microbiologist, for his work on marine microbiology)
[9]
A. stellipolaris ( Van Trappen et al. . 2004, stella , star; polaris , polar, referring to the Polarstern (AWI, Bremerhaven), the name of the vessel that was used to collect the sample from which the organisms were isolated)
[10]
A. tagae ( Chiu et al. . 2007, named after Nobuo Taga, a pioneering Japanese marine microbiologist)
[9]
Many alteromonads were reclassified as members of
Pseudoalteromonas in 1995
[5]
P. atlantica (Akagawa-Matsushita et al. . 1992, atlantica , pertaining to the Atlantic Ocean)
[11]
P. aurantia (Gauthier and Breittmayer 1979, aurantia , orange-colored)
[12]
P. carrageenovora (Akagawa-Matsushita et al. . 1992, carrageenum , named for carrageenan; vorare , to devour - carrageenan decomposing)
[11]
P. citrea (Gauthier 1977, citrea , of or pertaining to the citrus-tree, intended to mean lemon-yellow)
[12]
P. denitrificans (Enger et al. . 1987, denitrificans , denitrifying)
[13]
P. distincta (Romanenko et al. 1995, distincta , separate, distinct)
[14]
P. elyakovii (Ivanova et al. . 1997, named after G.B. Elyakov for his work in microbial biotechnology)
[15]
P. espejiana (Chan et al. . 1978, named after Espejo, a Chilean microbiologist who isolated one of the first lipid-containing bacteriophages)
[12]
P. fuliginea (Romanenko et al. . 1995, fuliginea , like soot, sooty)
[14]
P. haloplanktis ((ZoBell and Upham 1944) Reichelt and Baumann 1973, hals halos , sea; planktos -ê -on , wandering, roaming, sea-wandering)
[12]
P. luteoviolacea ((ex Gauthier 1976) Gauthier 1982, luteus , yellow; violaceus - violet-colored; luteoviolacea , yellow-violet)
[16]
P. nigrifaciens ((ex White 1940) Baumann et al . 1984, Niger , black; facio , to make to give nigrifaciens , making black)
[17]
P. rubra (Gauthier 1976, rubra , red)
[12]
P. tetraodonis (Simidu et al. . 1990, tetraodonis , of Tetraodon , a genus of plectognathic fishes [Tetraodontidae])
[18]
P. undina (Chan et al. . 1978, undina , undine, water nymph)
[12]
Other former alteromonads:
Marinomonas communis (Baumann et al. . 1972, communis , common)
[12]
Marinomonas vaga (Baumann et al. . 1972, vaga , wandering)
[12]
Shewanella colwelliana (Weiner et al. . 1988, named after Rita Colwell for her contributions to marine microbiology)
[19]
Shewanella hanedai (Jensen et al. . 1981, named after Y. Haneda, a Japanese biologist who pioneered studies on bioluminescence)
[20]
Shewanella putrefaciens ((ex Derby and Hammer 1931) Lee et al. . 1981, putrefaciens , making rotten, putrefying)
[21]
^
Classification of Genera AC in
LPSN ; Parte, Aidan C.; Sardà Carbasse, Joaquim; Meier-Kolthoff, Jan P.; Reimer, Lorenz C.; Göker, Markus (1 November 2020).
"List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) moves to the DSMZ" . International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology . 70 (11): 5607–5612.
doi :
10.1099/ijsem.0.004332 .
^
a
b
Alteromonas in
LPSN ; Parte, Aidan C.; Sardà Carbasse, Joaquim; Meier-Kolthoff, Jan P.; Reimer, Lorenz C.; Göker, Markus (1 November 2020).
"List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN) moves to the DSMZ" . International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology . 70 (11): 5607–5612.
doi :
10.1099/ijsem.0.004332 .
^ Baumann, Linda; Baumann, Paul; Mandel, M.; Allen, Richard D (April 1972).
"Taxonomy of Aerobic Marine Eubacteria" .
Journal of Bacteriology . 110 (1): 402–429.
doi :
10.1128/JB.110.1.402-429.1972 .
ISSN
1098-5530 .
OCLC
38751488 .
PMC
247423 .
PMID
4552999 .
^ Novick, N.J.; Tyler, M.E. (1985).
"Isolation and characterization of Alteromonas luteoviolacea strains with sheathed flagella" . Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol . 35 : 111–113.
doi :
10.1099/00207713-35-1-111 .
^
a
b Gauthier, G.; Gauthier, M.; Christen, R. (1995).
"Phylogenetic analysis of the genera Alteromonas, Shewanella and Moritella using genes coding for small-subunit rRNA sequences and division of the genus Alteromonas into two genera, Alteromonas (emended) and Pseudoalteromonas gen. nov., and proposal of twelve new species combinations" . Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol . 45 (4): 755–761.
doi :
10.1099/00207713-45-4-755 .
PMID
7547295 .
S2CID
25578779 .
^ Van Trappen, S.; Tan, T.L.; Yang, J.; Mergaert, J.; Swings, J. (2004).
"Alteromonas stellipolaris sp. nov., a novel, budding, prosthecate bacterium from Antarctic seas, and emended description of the genus Alteromonas" . Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol . 54 (4): 1157–1163.
doi :
10.1099/ijs.0.02862-0 .
PMID
15280285 .
^ Goodell, Barry; Chambers, James; Ward, Doyle V.; Murphy, Cecelia; Black, Eileen; Mancilio, Lucca Bonjy Kikuti; Perez- Gonzalez, Gabriel; Shipway, J. Reuben (2024).
"First report of microbial symbionts in the digestive system of shipworms; wood boring mollusks" . International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation . 192 : 105816.
doi :
10.1016/j.ibiod.2024.105816 .
^
a
b Vandecandelaere, I.; Nercessian, O.; Segaert, E.; Achouak, W.; Mollica, A.; Faimali, M.; De Vos, P.; Vandamme, P. (2008).
"Alteromonas genovensis sp. Nov., isolated from a marine electroactive biofilm and emended description of Alteromonas macleodii Baumann et al. 1972 (Approved Lists 1980)" . International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology . 58 (11): 2589–2596.
doi :
10.1099/ijs.0.65691-0 .
PMID
18984698 .
^
a
b Chiu, H. -H.; Shieh, W. Y.; Lin, S. Y.; Tseng, C. -M.; Chiang, P. -W.; Wagner-Dobler, I. (2007).
"Alteromonas tagae sp. Nov. And Alteromonas simiduii sp. Nov., mercury-resistant bacteria isolated from a Taiwanese estuary" . International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology . 57 (6): 1209–1216.
doi :
10.1099/ijs.0.64762-0 .
PMID
17551031 .
^ Van Trappen, S.; Tan, T. -L.; Yang, J.; Mergaert, J.; Swings, J. (2004).
"Alteromonas stellipolaris sp. nov., a novel, budding, prosthecate bacterium from Antarctic seas, and emended description of the genus Alteromonas" . International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology . 54 (4): 1157–1163.
doi :
10.1099/ijs.0.02862-0 .
PMID
15280285 .
^
a
b Akagawa-Matsushita, M.; Matsuo, M.; Koga, Y.; Yamasato, K. (1992).
"Alteromonas atlantica sp. nov. And Alteromonas carrageenovora sp. nov., Bacteria That Decompose Algal Polysaccharides" . International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology . 42 (4): 621–627.
doi :
10.1099/00207713-42-4-621 .
^
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h Skerman, V. B. D.; McGowan, V.; Sneath, P. H. A. (1980).
"Approved Lists of Bacterial Names" . International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology . 30 : 225–420.
doi :
10.1099/00207713-30-1-225 .
^ Enger, O.; Nygaard, H.; Solberg, M.; Schei, G.; Nielsen, J.; Dundas, I. (1987).
"Characterization of Alteromonas denitrificans sp. nov" . International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology . 37 (4): 416–421.
doi :
10.1099/00207713-37-4-416 .
^
a
b
"Validation of the Publication of New Names and New Combinations Previously Effectively Published Outside the IJSB: List No. 55" . International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology . 45 (4): 879–880. 1995.
doi :
10.1099/00207713-45-4-879 .
^
"Validation of the Publication of New Names and New Combinations Previously Effectively Published Outside the IJSB: List No. 61" . International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology . 47 (2): 601–602. 1997.
doi :
10.1099/00207713-47-2-601 .
^ Gauthier, M. J. (1982).
"Validation of the Name Alteromonas luteoviolacea" . International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology . 32 : 82–86.
doi :
10.1099/00207713-32-1-82 .
^ Baumann, P.; Baumann, L.; Bowditch, R. D.; Beaman, B. (1984).
"Taxonomy of Alteromonas: A. Nigrifaciens sp. Nov., nom. Rev.; A. Macleodii; and A. Haloplanktis" . International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology . 34 (2): 145–149.
doi :
10.1099/00207713-34-2-145 .
^ Simidu, U.; Kita-Tsukamoto, K.; Yasumoto, T.; Yotsu, M. (1990).
"Taxonomy of Four Marine Bacterial Strains That Produce Tetrodotoxin" . International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology . 40 (4): 331–336.
doi :
10.1099/00207713-40-4-331 .
PMID
2275851 .
^ Weiner, R. M.; Coyne, V. E.; Brayton, P.; West, P.; Raiken, S. F. (1988).
"Alteromonas colwelliana sp. nov., an Isolate from Oyster Habitats" . International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology . 38 (3): 240–244.
doi :
10.1099/00207713-38-3-240 .
^ Jensen, M. J.; Tebo, B. M.; Baumann, P.; Mandel, M.; Nealson, K. H. (1980). "Characterization ofAlteromonas hanedai (sp. Nov.), a nonfermentative luminous species of marine origin". Current Microbiology . 3 (5): 311–315.
doi :
10.1007/BF02601812 .
^
"Validation of the Publication of New Names and New Combinations Previously Effectively Published Outside the IJSB: List No. 6" . International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology . 31 (2): 215–218. 1981.
doi :
10.1099/00207713-31-2-215 .