From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The
Council of Four (from left to right):
David Lloyd George ,
Vittorio Emanuele Orlando ,
Georges Clemenceau and
Woodrow Wilson in
Versailles .
Map of the World showing the participants in World War I. Those fighting along with the
Allied Powers (at one point or another) are depicted in blue, the
Central Powers in orange, and neutral countries in grey.
The Allied leaders of World War I were the
political and military figures that fought for or supported the
Allied Powers during
World War I .
Russian Empire
King
George V (right) with his first cousin Tsar Nicholas II, Berlin, 1913. Note the close physical resemblance between the two monarchs.
[1]
Nicholas II
[2] – Last
Tsar of Russia , titular
King of Poland , and
Grand Duke of Finland .
Georgy Lvov – Prime Minister of the
Russian Provisional Government (1917)
Alexander Kerensky
[3] – Minister of War (1917), Prime Minister of the
Russian Provisional Government (1917)
Grand Duke Nicholas Nikolaevich
[4] – Commander-in-Chief and
Viceroy in the Caucasus
Ivan Goremykin –
Prime Minister of Russia (1914–1916)
Boris Stürmer – Prime Minister of Russia (1916)
Alexander Trepov – Prime Minister of Russia (1916–1917)
Nikolai Golitsyn – Prime Minister of Russia (1917)
Vladimir Sukhomlinov –
Minister of War (1909–1915)
Alexei Polivanov – Minister of War (1915–1916)
Dmitry Shuvayev – Minister of War (1916–1917)
Mikhail Belyaev – Minister of War (1917),
Chief-of-Staff (1914–1916)
Alexander Guchkov – Minister of War (1917)
Ivan Grigorovich –
Minister of Navy (1911–1917)
Nikolai Yanushkevich – Chief-of-Staff (1914)
Pyotr Averyanov [
ru ] – Chief-of-Staff (1916–1917)
Ivan Romanovsky – Chief-of-Staff (1917)
Vladimir Marushevsky – Chief-of-Staff (1917)
Mikhail Alekseyev – Commander of
Southwestern Front (1914),
Northwestern Front (1915), Chief of Staff (1915–1917), Commander-in-Chief of the Army (1917)
Yakov Zhilinsky – Commander of the
Northwestern Front in the early stages of the war (1914)
Alexander Samsonov
[5] – Commander of the
Second Army for the invasion of East Prussia
Paul von Rennenkampf
[6] – Commander of the
First Army for the invasion of East Prussia
Nikolay Ivanov
[7] – Commander of the Russian army on the
Southwestern Front (1914–1916) and responsible for much of the action in Galicia
Aleksei Brusilov
[8] – Commander of the
Southwestern Front (1916–1917), then provisional Commander-in-Chief after the Tsar's abdication
Lavr Kornilov – Commander of the Southwestern Front and Commander-in-Chief (August 1917)
Vladislav Klembovsky – Commander of the
Northern Front (1917) followed by becoming Commander-in-Chief in August 1917
Nikolai Ruzsky – Commanded the
3rd Army , Northwestern Front (1914–1915) and lastly the Northern Front (1915)
Aleksey Kuropatkin – Commander of the Northern Front (1916)
Paul von Plehwe – Commander of the
5th Army ,
12th Army and briefly the Northern Front (1916)
Aleksei Evert – Took part in the
Invasion of Galicia as commander of the
10th Army , later commanded the
Western Front (1915–1917)
Anton Denikin – Led the
8th Army in the
Brusilov Offensive and commanded the Western Front in 1917.
Illarion Ivanovich Vorontsov-Dashkov – Governor General of the
Caucasus Viceroyalty and Commander of the
Caucasus Army (1914–1915),
Nikolai Yudenich – Commander of the Russian forces in the
Caucasus Campaign (1917)
Andrei Zayonchkovski – Commander of the
Russian-Romanian Dobruja Army in the
Romanian Campaign
Vladimir Viktorovich Sakharov – Commanded the
11th Army (1915–1916), the
Danube Army (1916) and then became deputy commander-in-chief of
Romanian Front (1916–1917)
Dmitry Shcherbachev – Commanded the 11th Army and later became deputy commander-in-chief of the Romanian Front in 1917
Mikhail Diterikhs – Commander of the Russian Expeditionary Force at the
Macedonian front
Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich – Chief of the
Imperial Russian Air Service
Andrei Eberhardt – Commander of Black Sea Fleet (1914–16)
Alexander Kolchak – Commander of Black Sea Fleet (1916–17)
Nikolai Essen – Commander of Baltic Fleet (1913–1915)
French Third Republic
Raymond Poincaré
[9] –
President of France (1913–1920)
René Viviani –
Prime Minister of France (1914–1915)
Aristide Briand – Prime Minister of France (1915–1917)
Paul Painlevé – Prime Minister of France (1917)
Georges Clemenceau – Prime Minister of France and
Minister of War (1917–1920)
Adolphe Messimy – Minister of War (1914)
Alexandre Millerand – Minister of War (1914–1915)
Marie-Jean-Lucien Lacaze – Minister of War (1917)
Paul Painlevé – Minister of War (1917)
Joseph Joffre
[10] –
Commander-in-Chief of the French Army (1914–1916);
Marshal of France from the end of 1916
Ferdinand Foch
[11] – Commander of French Army Group North (1914–1916), Commander-in-chief and Generalissimo of the Allied Armies (1918); Marshal of France from August 1918
Robert Nivelle
[12] – Commander-in-Chief of the French Army (1916–1917)
Philippe Pétain
[13] – Commander-in-Chief of the French Army (1917–1918); Marshal of France from November 1918
Maxime Weygand – General in the French Army and one of the Permanent Military Representatives in the Allied
Supreme War Council
Augustin Dubail – Commanded the
1st Army (1914–1915) followed by Army Group East at
Battle of Verdun until 1916. He was later military governor of Paris (1916–1918)
Fernand de Langle de Cary – Commander of the
4th Army in the
Battle of the Ardennes , 1914. Later took command of Central Army Group in 1915–1916.
Victor d'Urbal – Commander of all French troops in Belgium in 1914, then the
8th Army (1915–1916) and
10th Army which participated in the
Second and
Third Battle of Artois
Maurice Sarrail – Commander of the
Army of the Orient and which evolved to the
Allied Army of the Orient on the
Macedonian front (1915–1917)
Adolphe Guillaumat – Commander of the Allied Army of the Orient (1917–1918), then became military governor of Paris and was appointed to the Supreme War Council
Louis Franchet d'Espèrey – Commander of Army Group North 1916–1918, The Allied Army of the Orient and in the
Liberation of Serbia (1918)
Joseph Gallieni – Military Governor of Paris and Minister of War (1915–1916)
Michel-Joseph Maunoury – Commander of the
6th Army (1914–1915) during the
First Battle of the Marne
Pierre Roques – Commanded the
1st Army (1915–1916) and served as Minister of War (1916)
Marie-Eugène Debeney – General of the 1st Army (1917–1918) and Chief of Staff to
Philippe Pétain
Paul Maistre – Commander of the
6th Army (1917), the
10th Army as part of the
Italian Expeditionary Force in the
Italian Front (1917–1918) ). Finally the Northern Army Group (1918)
Henri Putz – Commander of the
Army Detachment of the Vosges which later became the
7th Army (1914–1915)
Louis de Maud'huy – Commander of the 10th Army (1914–1915), followed by command of the 7th Army in 1915, notably at the
Battle of Hartmannswillerkopf
Georges Louis Humbert – Commander of the
8th Army (1915) followed by command of the
3rd Army (1915–1918)
Denis Auguste Duchêne – Commander of the 6th Army (1917–1918) during the
Third Battle of the Aisne
Charles Mangin – Commanded the 6th Army (1916–1917) in the
Second Battle of the Aisne and later the
10th Army in the
Second Battle of the Marne
Henri Gouraud – Led the
Oriental Expeditionary Forces in 1915 during the
Gallipoli Campaign where he lost his arm, later commanded the 4th Army (1915–1916 & 1917–1918)
François Anthoine – Commander of the 1st Army during the
Battle of Passchendaele (1917)
Henri Mathias Berthelot – General of
French Military Mission in Romania and the
Fifth Army
Noël Èdouard de Castelnau – Commander of the
2nd (1914–1915), Central Army Group (1915) and Eastern Army Group (1918)
Émile Fayolle – Commander of the 1st Army (1916–1917), Army Group Center (1917), French divisions to the Italian Front (1917–1918) and the Army Group Reserve (1918)
Hubert Lyautey –
Resident-General of Morocco (1912–1916), suppressing
rebellions in North Africa during the war. Minister of War (1916–1917)
Jean César Graziani – Commander of the
Italian 12th Army in the
Battle of Vittorio Veneto
Milan Rastislav Štefánik – Commander of
Czechoslovak Legions
Édouard Barès – Commander of
French Air Force
British Empire
United Kingdom
H. H. Asquith –
Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1908–1916),
Secretary of State for War (1914)
David Lloyd George – Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1916–1922), Secretary of State for War (1916)
Herbert Kitchener – Secretary of State for War (1914–1916)
The Earl of Derby – Secretary of State for War (1916–1918)
The Viscount Milner – Secretary of State for War (1918–1919)
James Wolfe Murray –
Chief of the Imperial General Staff (1914–1915),
British Troops in Egypt (1916–1917)
William Robertson – Chief of the Imperial General Staff (1916–1918)
John French – Commander-in-Chief of the BEF (1914–1915) and
Commander-in-Chief, Home Forces (1915–1918)
Douglas Haig – Commander-in-Chief of the
British Expeditionary Force (1915–1918)
Henry Wilson – Advisor of
John French and Chief of the Imperial General Staff (1918–1922)
Archibald Murray – Chief of Staff of the British Expeditionary Force (1914–1915), Chief of the Imperial General Staff (1915) and Commander of the
Egyptian Expeditionary Force (1916–1917)
Edmund Allenby – Commander of the
Third Army and later the Egyptian Expeditionary Force (1917–1918)
Henry Horne – Commander of the
First Army (1916–1918)
Horace Smith-Dorrien – Led the
II Corps of the
BEF at the
Battle of Mons and
Le Cateau , he then commanded the
2nd Army (1914–1915)
Herbert Plumer – Commander of the
V Corps at the
Second Battle of Ypres (1915) followed by command of the 2nd Army (1915–1917). He then led the
Italian Expeditionary Force before going back to the 2nd Army (1918)
Henry Rawlinson – British General of the
Fourth Army , notably at the
Battle of the Somme and
Battle of Amiens
Hubert Gough – Commander of the
Fifth Army (1916–1918)
George Milne – Commander of the
British Salonika Army at the
Salonika front (1916-1918f)
The Earl of Cavan – Commander of the
Italian 10th Army at the
Battle of Vittorio Veneto
Ian Hamilton – Commander of the
Mediterranean Expeditionary Force during the
Gallipoli Campaign
Reginald Wingate – Commander of the British forces in the
Anglo-Egyptian Darfur Expedition
Charles Macpherson Dobell – Commander of the Allied force in the
Kamerun campaign
Hastings Ismay – Commander of the British forces in the
Somaliland Campaign
Stanley Maude – Commander during the
Mesopotamian Campaign
Prince Louis of Battenberg –
First Sea Lord (1912–1914)
Lord Fisher –
First Sea Lord (1914–1915)
Sir Henry Jackson –
First Sea Lord (1915–1916)
Sir John Jellicoe – Commanding officer of the
Grand Fleet (1914–1916),
First Sea Lord (1916–1918)
Sir Rosslyn Wemyss –
First Sea Lord (1918–1919)
David Beatty – Commanding officer of the Grand Fleet (1916–1919)
Winston Churchill –
First Lord of the Admiralty (1911–1915)
Arthur Balfour –
First Lord of the Admiralty (1915–1916),
Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs (1916–1919)
Sir Edward Carson –
First Lord of the Admiralty (1916–1917)
Sir Eric Geddes –
First Lord of the Admiralty (1917–1919)
John de Robeck – Naval Commander in the
Gallipoli Campaign
David Henderson –
Director-General of Military Aeronautics (1913–1917)
Sir Edward Grey, Bt. –
Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs (1905–1916)`
Australia
Dominion of Canada
Robert Borden , Prime Minister of Canada
British Raj
Union of South Africa
Dominion of New Zealand
Dominion of Newfoundland
Kingdom of Serbia
Kingdom of Montenegro
Belgium
King Albert I
Luxembourg
Kingdom of Italy
King
Victor Emanuel III of Italy
Kingdom of Romania
United States
Woodrow Wilson, President of the United States
Empire of Japan
Okuma Shigenobu , 5th
Prime Minister of Japan .
Kingdom of Greece
Kingdom of Hejaz
First Portuguese Republic
Kingdom of Siam
Emirate of Nejd and Hasa
First Brazilian Republic
Republic of China
Yuan Shikai - President of the Republic of China (1916)
Li Yuanhong - President of the Republic of China (1916 – 1917)
Feng Guozhang - President of the Republic of China (1917 - 1918)
Duan Qirui - Premier of the Republic of China
Notes
^ At George's wedding in 1893,
The Times claimed that the crowd may have confused Nicholas with George, because their beards and dress made them look alike superficially (The Times (London) Friday, 7 July 1893, p.5). Their facial features were only different up close.
^ Robert D. Warth, Nicholas II, The Life and Reign of Russia's Last Monarch , 20
^
Hart 2013 , pp. 299–300
^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1922).
"Nicholas (Nikolai Nikolayevich), Russian Grand Duke" .
Encyclopædia Britannica (12th ed.). London & New York: The Encyclopædia Britannica Company.
^
Who's Who: Alexander Samsonov Biography
^
Who's Who: Paul von Rennenkampf
^
First World War.com — Who's Who — Nikolai Ivanov
^
Brusiloff, Hero of the Hour in Russia, Described Intimately by One Who Knows Him Well Charles Johnston, New York Times, 18 June 1916, accessed 8 February 2010
^ J. F. V. Keiger, Raymond Poincaré (Cambridge University Press, 2002) p126
^ First World War – Willmott, H. P., Dorling Kindersley, 2003, Page 52
^
"Foch's Biography on the Immortals page of the Académie française" (in French). Archived from
the original on 2012-02-11. Retrieved 2012-12-24 .
^ Simkins, Peter; Jukes, Geoffrey & Hickey, Michael, The First World War: The War To End All Wars ,
Osprey Publishing ,
ISBN
1-84176-738-7
^ Williams, Charles, Pétain , Little Brown (
Time Warner Book Group UK), London, 2005, p. 206,
ISBN
978-0-316-86127-4
^ Dragoljub R. Živojinovic, Kralj Petar I Karadordevic (King Peter I Karadordevic), vol. I-III, Belgrade, BIGZ 1988–1992.
^ Carlo Bronne. Albert 1er: le roi sans terre.
^
King Vittorio Emanuele III
^
"Woodrow Wilson" . Archived from
the original on 22 January 2009. Retrieved 24 December 2012 .
^ Hatfield, Mark O. (1997).
"Thomas R. Marshall, 28th Vice President (1913–1921)" . Senate Historical Office. Retrieved 2009-08-18 .
^
"Library of Congress link: Washington held the title of "General and Commander in Chief" of the Continental Army" .
Library of Congress .
^
Bix, Herbert P .
Hirohito and the Making of Modern Japan . Harper Perennial (2001).
ISBN
0-06-093130-2
References
Hart, Peter (2013). The Great War . Oxford: Oxford University Press.
ISBN
9780199976270 .
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