The ATP5F1D gene is located on the
p arm of
chromosome 19 at position 13.3 and it spans 3,075 base pairs.[8] The ATP5F1D gene produces a 17.5 kDa protein composed of 168
amino acids.[9][10] The coded
protein is a subunit of the
mitochondrial ATP synthase (Complex V), which is composed of two linked multi-subunit complexes: the soluble
catalytic core, F1, and the
membrane-spanning component, Fo, comprising the
proton channel. The catalytic portion of
mitochondrial ATP synthase consists of 5 different
subunits (alpha, beta, gamma, delta, and epsilon) assembled with a
stoichiometry of 3 alpha, 3 beta, and a single representative of the other 3. The
proton channel consists of three main subunits (a, b, c). This gene encodes the delta subunit of the catalytic core.
Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same
isoform have been identified.[8] The structure of the protein has been known to resemble a '
lollipop' structure due to the attachment of the F1 catalytic unit to the
mitochondrial inner membrane by the F0 unit.[11]
Among the two components, CF1 - the catalytic core - and CF0 - the membrane proton channel of the F-type ATPase, ATP5F1D is associated with the catalytic core. The catalytic core is composed of five different subunits including alpha, beta, gamma, delta, and epsilon subunits. The protein has additional interactions with
ATP5I,
ATP5O,
PUS1,
NDUFB5,
GTPBP6,
ATP5L,
ATP5J and others.[14][5][6]
^Jordan EM, Breen GA (February 1992). "Molecular cloning of an import precursor of the delta-subunit of the human mitochondrial ATP synthase complex". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Structure and Expression. 1130 (1): 123–6.
doi:
10.1016/0167-4781(92)90477-h.
PMID1531933.
Yoshida M, Muneyuki E, Hisabori T (September 2001). "ATP synthase--a marvellous rotary engine of the cell". Nature Reviews. Molecular Cell Biology. 2 (9): 669–77.
doi:
10.1038/35089509.
PMID11533724.
S2CID3926411.
Hochstrasser DF, Frutiger S, Paquet N, Bairoch A, Ravier F, Pasquali C, Sanchez JC, Tissot JD, Bjellqvist B, Vargas R (December 1992). "Human liver protein map: a reference database established by microsequencing and gel comparison". Electrophoresis. 13 (12): 992–1001.
doi:
10.1002/elps.11501301201.
PMID1286669.
S2CID23518983.