Henry I conquers
Utrecht (modern-day
Netherlands), which has been in possession of the
Vikings for 70 years.
Balderic, bishop of
Utrecht, moves his seat back from
Deventer to Utrecht (approximate date).
July 26 — At the
Battle of Valdejunquera, the Muslim forces of the Emir
Abd-ar-Rahman III of
Córdoba, defeat the Christian armies of King
Ordoño II of León and King
Sancho I of Pamplona. The decisive battle at the Val de Junquera takes place following the Emir's pre-emptive strike and his invasion of the upper
Douro valley and the capture of
Osma. The Arab army proceeds on to the upper
Ebro, restoring and replenishing
Umayyad garrisons in the region.[3]
^Timothy Reuter (1999). The New Cambridge Medieval History: Volume III, p. 563.
ISBN978-0-521-36447-8.
^Timothy Reuter (1999). The New Cambridge Medieval History: Volume III, p. 314.
ISBN978-0-521-36447-8.
^Timothy Reuter (1999). The New Cambridge Medieval History: Volume III, p. 675.
ISBN978-0-521-36447-8.
^Domínguez-Castro, Fernando; Vaquero, José Manuel; Marín, Manuela; Gallego, María Cruz; García-Herrera, Ricardo. "How useful could Arabic documentary sources be for reconstructing past climate?" Weather 67(3): 76-82
doi:
10.1002/wea.835 March 2012.