| Observation data Epoch J2000 Equinox J2000 | |
|---|---|
| Constellation | Taurus |
| 2MASS J04414489+2301513 | |
| Right ascension | 04h 41m 44.898s [1] |
| Declination | +23° 01′ 51.39″ [1] |
| 2MASS J04414565+2301580 | |
| Right ascension | 04h 41m 45.652s [1] |
| Declination | +23° 01′ 58.07″ [1] |
| Apparent magnitude (V) | 15.20 [2] |
| Characteristics | |
| Spectral type | M4.5 [3]/M8.5 [4] |
| Variable type | T Tau [5] |
| Astrometry | |
| Proper motion (μ) |
RA: 7.918
[6]
mas/
yr Dec.: -20.152 [6] mas/ yr |
| Parallax (π) | 8.1822 ± 0.3044 mas [6] |
| Distance | 400 ± 10
ly (122 ± 5 pc) |
| 2MASS J04414565+2301580 | |
| Proper motion (μ) |
RA: 7.914
[7]
mas/
yr Dec.: -22.086 [7] mas/ yr |
| Parallax (π) | 8.0887 ± 0.0713 mas [7] |
| Distance | 403 ± 4
ly (124 ± 1 pc) |
| Details | |
| 2MASS J04414489+2301513 | |
| Mass | 19 ± 3 / 9.8 ± 1.8 [3] MJup |
| Luminosity | 0.00347 / 0.00093 [3] L☉ |
| Temperature | 2100 / 1800 [3] K |
| Age | 1 [4] Myr |
| 2MASS J04414565+2301580 | |
| Mass | 0.20+1.0 −0.05 M☉ / 35 ± 5 [3] MJup |
| Luminosity | 0.14 / 0.00741 [3] L☉ |
| Temperature | 3400 / 2800 [3] K |
| Age | 1 [4] Myr |
| Other designations | |
WDS J04417+2302AB | |
| 2MASS J04414565+2301580: ATO J070.4402+23.0326, TIC 118893901, UCAC2 39972132, UCAC4 566-011236, UGCS J044145.65+230158.0, WISE J044145.65+230157.8, WISEA J044145.65+230157.7, Gaia DR3 146487560507840768, Gaia DR2 146487560507840768 | |
| 2MASS J04414489+2301513: Gaia DR3 146487556211644544, Gaia DR2 146487556211644544, UGCS J044144.89+230151.3, USNO-B1.0 1130-00071517, TIC 118893899 | |
| Database references | |
| SIMBAD | 2M J044144 |
| 2M J044145 | |
2MASS J0441+2301 is a young quadruple system hosting a planetary-mass object, a red dwarf star and two brown dwarfs, approximately 470 light years (145 parsecs) away.
The 2MASS J04414489+2301513 Bab primary (a brown dwarf) has a large separation (12.4 arcseconds) companion, 2MASS J04414565+2301580 Aa (abbreviated as 2M J044145), which in turn has a nearby small separation substellar companion (separation of 0.23 arcseconds to the northeast). 2M J044145 has similar proper motion to 2M J044144 and is likely physically associated with the system. [8] The entire system of 4 objects is then a hierarchical quadruple of two binary objects orbiting each other. [8] The primary component Aa has a spectral type of M4.5 and a red apparent magnitude of 14.2. [3] Both components seem to be accreting mass from their stellar disks, as shown by their emission lines. [3] The four objects have a total mass of only 26% of the Sun, making it the quadruple star system with the lowest mass known. [3]
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The primary is orbited by a companion about 5–10 times the mass of Jupiter. [9] The mass of the primary brown dwarf is roughly 20 times the mass of Jupiter and its age is roughly one million years. [4] It is not clear whether this companion object is a sub-brown dwarf or a planet. The companion is very large with respect to its parent and must have formed within 1 million years or so. This seems to be too big and too fast to form like a regular planet from a disk around the central object. [4] This companion also fails the mass ratio criterion of the IAU definition of an exoplanet; the mass ratio with the primary is closer than 1/25. [10]
| Companion (in order from star) |
Mass |
Semimajor axis ( AU) |
Orbital period ( years) |
Eccentricity | Inclination | Radius |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| b | 7.5±2.5 MJ | 15±0.6 | 411 | — | — | 1.13 RJ |
- ^ a b c d Cutri, Roc M.; Skrutskie, Michael F.; Van Dyk, Schuyler D.; Beichman, Charles A.; Carpenter, John M.; Chester, Thomas; Cambresy, Laurent; Evans, Tracey E.; Fowler, John W.; Gizis, John E.; Howard, Elizabeth V.; Huchra, John P.; Jarrett, Thomas H.; Kopan, Eugene L.; Kirkpatrick, J. Davy; Light, Robert M.; Marsh, Kenneth A.; McCallon, Howard L.; Schneider, Stephen E.; Stiening, Rae; Sykes, Matthew J.; Weinberg, Martin D.; Wheaton, William A.; Wheelock, Sherry L.; Zacarias, N. (2003). "VizieR Online Data Catalog: 2MASS All-Sky Catalog of Point Sources (Cutri+ 2003)". CDS/ADC Collection of Electronic Catalogues. 2246: II/246. Bibcode: 2003yCat.2246....0C.
- ^ Zacharias, N. (2012). "The fourth US Naval Observatory CCD Astrograph Catalog (UCAC4)". VizieR On-line Data Catalog. 1322. Bibcode: 2012yCat.1322....0Z.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Bowler, Brendan P.; Hillenbrand, Lynne A. (2015). "Near-infrared Spectroscopy of 2M0441+2301 AabBab: A Quadruple System Spanning the Stellar to Planetary Mass Regimes". The Astrophysical Journal. 811 (2): L30. arXiv: 1509.01658. Bibcode: 2015ApJ...811L..30B. doi: 10.1088/2041-8205/811/2/L30. S2CID 22608263.
- ^ a b c d e Todorov, K.; Luhman, K. L.; McLeod, K. K. (2010). "Discovery of a Planetary-Mass Companion to a Brown Dwarf in Taurus". The Astrophysical Journal. 714 (1): L84–L88. arXiv: 1004.0539. Bibcode: 2010ApJ...714L..84T. doi: 10.1088/2041-8205/714/1/L84. S2CID 119242529.
- ^ Furlan, E.; Luhman, K. L.; Espaillat, C.; D'Alessio, P.; Adame, L.; Manoj, P.; Kim, K. H.; Watson, Dan M.; Forrest, W. J.; McClure, M. K.; Calvet, N.; Sargent, B. A.; Green, J. D.; Fischer, W. J. (2011-07-01). "THE SPITZER INFRARED SPECTROGRAPH SURVEY OF T TAURI STARS IN TAURUS". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 195 (1): 3. doi: 10.1088/0067-0049/195/1/3. ISSN 0067-0049.
- ^ a b c Brown, A. G. A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (2021). "Gaia Early Data Release 3: Summary of the contents and survey properties". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 649: A1. arXiv: 2012.01533. Bibcode: 2021A&A...649A...1G. doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/202039657. S2CID 227254300. (Erratum: doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/202039657e). Gaia EDR3 record for this source at VizieR.
- ^ a b c Brown, A. G. A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (2021). "Gaia Early Data Release 3: Summary of the contents and survey properties". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 649: A1. arXiv: 2012.01533. Bibcode: 2021A&A...649A...1G. doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/202039657. S2CID 227254300. (Erratum: doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/202039657e). Gaia EDR3 record for this source at VizieR.
- ^ a b Todorov, K. O.; Luhman, K. L.; Konopacky, Q. M.; McLeod, K. K.; Apai, D.; Ghez, A. M.; Pascucci, I.; Robberto, M. (2014). "A Search for Companions to Brown Dwarfs in the Taurus and Chamaeleon Star-Forming Regions". The Astrophysical Journal. 788 (1): 40. arXiv: 1404.0213. Bibcode: 2014ApJ...788...40T. doi: 10.1088/0004-637X/788/1/40. S2CID 16636388.
- ^ "Hubble spots giant planet orbiting tiny star". USA Today. 2010-04-07. Retrieved 2013-02-24.
- ^ Lecavelier des Etangs, A.; Lissauer, Jack J. (June 2022). "The IAU working definition of an exoplanet". New Astronomy Reviews. 94: 101641. arXiv: 2203.09520. Bibcode: 2022NewAR..9401641L. doi: 10.1016/j.newar.2022.101641. IAU website link
- Jean Schneider (2011). "Notes for star 2M J044144". Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia. Archived from the original on 19 January 2012. Retrieved 30 September 2011.
