Governments of
Kuwait and
Qatar recalling ambassadors from
Iran
UAE summons the Iranian ambassador in
Abu Dhabi, recalls its ambassador from
Tehran and downgrades ties with
Iran from ambassadorial level to chargé d'affaires
The 2016 attack on the Saudi diplomatic missions in Iran was a mob action on 2 January 2016 by protesters against the execution of a prominent Saudi Arabian Shi'a cleric. Mobs stormed the embassy in
Tehran and the Saudi consulate in
Mashhad and ransacked them. The
embassy building was set on fire with
Molotov cocktails and
petrol bombs. During the attacks, the police arrived and dispersed protesters from the embassy premises and extinguished the fire.[5]
Moments after
Sheikh Nimr was executed, the Saudi Arabian
chargé d'affaires was summoned to the
Iranian Foreign Ministry to protest against the execution.[9] Foreign Ministry Spokesman Hossein Jaberi said that the Saudi government "supports terrorist movements and
Takfiri extremists, while executing and suppressing critics inside the country".[10]
The remarks were later condemned by
Saudi Arabia as "hostile" and the ministry summoned the Iranian ambassador in
Riyadh. The ministry expressed "the kingdom's astonishment and its utter rejection of these hostile statements, which it deemed a blatant intervention in the kingdom's affairs", according to a statement released by the
Saudi Press Agency.[11]
Incursion
About several thousand demonstrators gathered near the embassy on Saturday night to protest and strongly condemn the execution of
Sheikh Nimr. The rally began quietly, but some participants attempted to storm the building by climbing the embassy's fence, breaking down the door, throwing around papers on the roof and seizing the
Saudi flag. The protesters chanted, "Death to the Al Saud [family]", the ruling family of
Saudi Arabia among other slogans. It later turned violent after demonstrators began throwing petrol bombs and
Molotov cocktails at the embassy and then broke into the compound. The police arrived and dispersed protesters from the embassy premises and extinguished the fire.[5]
In
Mashhad,
Iran's second largest city, demonstrators also set fire at the Saudi consulate and torn down the Saudi flag.[12]
Iranian PresidentHassan Rouhani condemned the attacks while at the same time he also condemned the execution of
Nimr al-Nimr. He blamed the attacks on "extremist individuals". He has pledged to protect the security of foreign missions and prosecute those responsible for attacking Saudi diplomatic posts, in a series of messages posted on his Twitter account moments after the attack.[14] On 6 January, President Rouhani has asked the Iranian judiciary to immediately prosecute the attackers invoked. He said by punishing the attackers and those who orchestrated this obvious offense, his government should put an end once and forever to such damage and insults to Iran's dignity and national security."[15]
The Iranian authorities have expressed regret over the attacks and arrested at least 40 individuals in connection to the attack.[7]
Five days later on January 7, 2016, Iran's foreign ministry made the claim that Saudi warplanes had "deliberately" targeted its embassy to Yemen in the city of
Sana'a. Iran's report included claims that,"a number of the building's guards" had been injured as a result of the bombing. Despite this assertion San'aa residents and the Associated Press have reported that the embassy suffered no visible damage. Currently General Ahmad Asseri from the Saudi-led coalition is investigating Iran's allegations.[16]
On 24 January, Iranian judiciary spokesman
Gholam-Hossein Mohseni-Eje'i announced on state TV that they arrested around 100 people involved in the attack. Some of them were later released.[8]
Saudi Arabia
Following the attack, Saudi Foreign Minister
Adel al-Jubeir announced that they will break off diplomatic relations with
Iran, recalling its diplomats from
Tehran and declared Iranian diplomats in
Riyadhpersonae non grata, ordering to leave the kingdom within 48 hours.[17]
A day later on 4 January, Foreign Minister al-Jubeir said that they will end air traffic and trade links with
Iran and also cutting off all commercial relations with Iran. In addition, the Saudi government has imposed a travel ban on its citizens from visiting
Iran. Iranian pilgrims would still be welcome to visit Islam's holiest sites in
Mecca and
Medina, either for the annual
Hajj or at other times of year on the
Umrah pilgrimage.[18]
Other countries
Bahrain: The Bahrain Ministry of Foreign Affairs has "strongly condemned the two terrorist attacks on the Embassy of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in Tehran and its Consulate in Mashhad in the Islamic Republic of Iran." In a statement it said that "these demagogic and barbarian acts represent flagrant violation to the international convictions and norms, and the 1961 Vienna Convention which all safeguard the security and protection to the Diplomatic Missions."[19] On 4 January 2016, Bahrain severed diplomatic ties with Iran, accusing it of interference in Saudi internal affairs and "increasing, flagrant and dangerous meddling" in the internal affairs of Gulf and Arab states, including
Bahrain.[20] The Bahrain foreign ministry gave Iranian diplomats 48 hours to leave the country.[21]
Egypt: The spokesman of the Egyptian Foreign Ministry has condemned attacks. The Egyptian government has stressed "the need to respect the inviolability of the premises of diplomatic and consular missions and the safety of their personnel, which is guaranteed by the
Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations". During a visit to
Riyadh on 5 January, Egypt's Foreign Minister
Sameh Shoukry denounced the attacks as "unacceptable" and said Iran's actions are an attempt to "intervening in the kingdom's internal affairs".[24]
The
Egyptian Foreign Ministry spokesman Ahmed Abu Zeid said Egypt condemned attacks against the Saudi embassy in Tehran and the Saudi consulate in Mashhad in Iran.[25] Egypt will stand with Saudi Arabia against Iranian meddling with Riyadh and other Arab countries’ domestic affairs, he added that diplomatic relations will continue to be severed with Iran "for well-known reasons."[26]
Deputy Foreign Minister Hamdi Loza condemned "threats" against Saudi Arabia for enforcing its domestic law on a Saudi citizen to defend national security.[27]
Jordan: The Jordanian government summoned the Iranian ambassador in
Amman to protest the attacks.[28]
Morocco: The Moroccan Foreign Ministry has condemned the attacks, adding that it contravenes diplomatic rules and practices. It has called on the Iranian government to adhere to the
Vienna Convention regarding the protection of diplomatic missions.[29]
Oman: The Omani government has condemned the attacks. A statement issued by the foreign ministry said that the Sultanate considers these actions unacceptable and at the same time affirms the importance of finding new rules that prohibit any kind of intervention in countries’ internal affairs.[30]
Philippines: The
Philippines' Department of Foreign Affairs called on all parties "to work together to ease sectarian tensions and to promote reconciliation” they also called "for full respect for the inviolability of diplomatic premises in all nations”.[31]
Qatar: The State of Qatar condemned the attacks and has decided to recall its ambassador from
Tehran while the Qatari Foreign Affairs Ministry issuing a protest statement at the Iranian embassy in
Doha saying that it constitutes a violation of the international charters and norms that emphasize the protection of diplomatic missions and their staff.[32]
Somalia: On 7 January, the Somali government has decided to sever all diplomatic relations with Iran and ordered all Iranian diplomats and embassy staff to leave within 72 hours. The Somali foreign ministry has accused
Iran of trying to destabilize
Somalia and said it has recalled its acting ambassador to Iran. The ministry said in a statement that this step has been taken after careful consideration and in response to the Islamic Republic of Iran's continuous interference in Somalia's internal affairs.[33]
Sudan: Sudan joined in solidarity with Saudi Arabia and broke off diplomatic relations with Iran.[34]
United Arab Emirates: On 4 January UAE recalled its ambassador Saif Al Zaabi from
Tehran, decreased the number of diplomats in Iran, and downgraded diplomatic relationship with Iran to
charge d’affaires.[35] The UAE also lowered the amount of Iranian diplomats in the Iranian embassy in
Abu Dhabi.[36]
United States:
US State Department SpokespersonJohn Kirby has urged
Iran and
Saudi Arabia to take affirmative steps to calm tensions. The US government is aware of the Saudi governments' decision to close Iranian diplomatic missions, but believes "that diplomatic engagement and direct conversations remain essential in working through differences."[37]
Intergovernmental organizations
Arab League: Foreign ministers at the
Arab League appeared at an emergency meeting in
Cairo on 4 January to condemn the attacks on Saudi diplomatic missions and accused the Iranian government of failing to protect them. It a statement released after the meeting, the Arab League also condemned the reported discovery by Bahrain of a militant group that it said was backed by Iran's Revolutionary Guards. All member states have voted in favor of the resolution except
Lebanon, where
Hezbollah is a powerful political force backed by the Iranian government.[38]
United Nations:
UN Security Council, in response to a letter by
Saudi Arabia, condemned the attack on the Saudi diplomatic missions in Tehran and Mashhad. UNSC has called on Iranian authorities "to protect diplomatic and consular property and personnel, and to respect fully their international obligations in this regard" while it urged both sides to "maintain dialogue and take steps to reduce tensions in the region".[39]