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Presidential election | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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9 April 2006 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
All 120 seats in Congress 61 seats needed for a majority | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
This lists parties that won seats. See the complete results below. |
Peru portal |
General elections were held in Peru in on 9 April 2006 to elect the President, two Vice-Presidents, 120 members of Congress and five members of the Andean Parliament for the 2006–2011 period. As the no presidential candidate received a majority of the vote, a second round was held on 4 June between the top two candidates, Ollanta Humala and Alan García. Garcia won the run-off with 52.63% to Humala's 47.37%. He was subsequently inaugurated on 28 July 2006, Peruvian Independence Day.
The 120 members of Congress were elected from 25 constituencies based on the 24 departments and the Constitutional Province of Callao). The number of seats in Congress for each district was determined by its number of eligible voters. A political party need to win a minimum of five seats in two electoral districts or 4% of nationwide valid votes in order to be represented in Congress.
A minimum of 4% of nationwide valid votes was necessary for a party to win seats in the Andean Parliament.
Political party or electoral alliance | Candidates | ||
---|---|---|---|
Name | for President | for 1st Vice-president | for 2nd Vice-president |
Alliance for Progress Alianza para el Progreso |
Natale Amprimo | César Acuña | Julia Valenzuela |
Alliance for the Future Alianza por el Futuro |
Martha Chávez | Santiago Fujimori | Rolando Sousa |
And It's Called Peru Y se llama Perú |
Ricardo Wong | Ernesto D'Angelo | José del Carmen Sifuentes |
Andean Renaissance Renacimiento Andino |
Ciro Gálvez | Patricia Marimón | Carmen Casani |
Center Front Frente de Centro |
Valentín Paniagua | Alberto Andrade | Gonzalo Aguirre |
Decentralization Coalition Concertación Descentralista |
Susana Villarán | Nery Saldarriaga | Carlos Paredes |
Democratic Force Fuerza Democrática |
Alberto Borea | Marco Falconí | Yván Vásquez |
Democratic Reconstruction Reconstrucción Democrática |
José Cardó Guarderas | Marco Antonio Alcalde | Juana Avellaneda |
Go On Country Avanza País |
Ulises Humala Tasso | Pedro Cenas | Constante Traverso Flores |
Let's Make Progress Peru Progresemos Perú |
Javier Espinoza | Manuel Yto Seguil | Agustín Quezada Sánchez |
National Justice Justicia Nacional |
Jaime Salinas | José Carlos Luque Otero | Ana María Villafuerte |
National Restoration Restauración Nacional |
Humberto Lay Sun | Máximo San Román | María Eugenia de la Puente |
National Unity Unidad Nacional |
Lourdes Flores Nano | Arturo Woodman | Luis Enrique Carpio |
New Left Movement Movimiento Nueva Izquierda * |
Alberto Moreno | Juan José Gorriti | Alejandro Narváez |
Peru Now Perú Ahora |
Luis Guerrero | Víctor Echegaray | Andrés Alcántara |
Peruvian Aprista Party Partido Aprista Peruano |
Alan García | Luis Giampietri Rojas | Lourdes Mendoza |
Peruvian Resurgence Resurgimiento Peruano |
Ántero Asto | Carlos Bentín | Roberto Pineda |
Socialist Party Partido Socialista |
Javier Diez Canseco | María Huamán | Alberto Quintanilla |
Union for Peru Unión por el Perú |
Ollanta Humala | Gonzalo García Núñez | Carlos Torres Caro |
With Force Peru Con Fuerza Perú |
Pedro Koechlin Von Stein | Walter Vera Tudela | María Jesús Espinoza |
* Ticket officially registered under MNI, which enjoyed previous registration as a political party, but nominated by Broad Left Front (Frente Amplio de Izquierda).
Political party | Candidate | Rejection | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Name | for President | for 1st Vice-president | for 2nd Vice-president | Date | Motive |
Sí Cumple | Alberto Fujimori | Luisa María Cuculiza | Germán Kruger | January 10 | Fujimori banned from holding office until 2011 |
Political party | Candidate | Withdrawal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Name | for President | for 1st Vice-president | for 2nd Vice-president | Date | Motive |
Peru Possible Perú Posible |
Rafael Belaúnde | Carlos Bruce | Rómulo Mucho Mamani | January 31 | Clash over party's congressional candidate list |
Independent Moralizing Front Frente Independiente Moralizador |
Fernando Olivera | Fausto Alvarado | Luis Iberico Núñez | February 8 | Olivera to lead party's congressional candidate list |
Project Country Proyecto País |
Marco Antonio Arrunátegui | Elías Espinoza | María Teresa García | February 8 | Arrunátegui to lead party's congressional candidate list |
24 parties presented up to 130 candidates to Congress each, for a total of 2,918 candidates. 331 of these were rejected by the National Jury of Elections, leaving 2,587 candidates. These represent all parties with presidential candidates, plus Possible Peru, Independent Moralizing Front, Project Country, and Agricultural People's Front of Peru (Frente Popular Agrícola del Perú, FREPAP). Sí Cumple did not register any candidates.
The table below shows the breakdown of candidates by Electoral District. Votes by 457,891 Peruvians residing abroad were counted in the Lima Electoral District (the number of voters in the table includes them).
Electoral District | Registered voters | Seats in Congress | Candidates per party | Participating parties | Total candidates |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Amazonas | 179,331 | 2 | 3 | 17 | 47 |
Ancash | 611,881 | 5 | 5 | 21 | 99 |
Apurímac | 195,954 | 2 | 3 | 21 | 55 |
Arequipa | 770,535 | 5 | 5 | 21 | 101 |
Ayacucho | 306,662 | 3 | 3 | 20 | 58 |
Cajamarca | 721,239 | 5 | 5 | 23 | 109 |
Callao | 541,730 | 4 | 4 | 24 | 92 |
Cusco | 643,629 | 5 | 5 | 22 | 98 |
Huancavelica | 203,844 | 2 | 3 | 15 | 39 |
Huánuco | 354,416 | 3 | 3 | 22 | 65 |
Ica | 451,197 | 4 | 5 | 22 | 88 |
Junín | 701,190 | 5 | 5 | 22 | 99 |
La Libertad | 942,656 | 7 | 7 | 22 | 145 |
Lambayeque | 676,735 | 5 | 5 | 22 | 101 |
Lima | 6,063,109 | 35 | 35 | 24 | 738 |
Loreto | 416,419 | 3 | 3 | 22 | 60 |
Madre de Dios | 47,742 | 1 | 3 | 14 | 35 |
Moquegua | 99,962 | 2 | 3 | 18 | 44 |
Pasco | 135,670 | 2 | 3 | 17 | 51 |
Piura | 914,912 | 6 | 6 | 23 | 136 |
Puno | 674,865 | 5 | 5 | 23 | 106 |
San Martín | 357,124 | 3 | 3 | 17 | 47 |
Tacna | 172,427 | 2 | 3 | 18 | 57 |
Tumbes | 110,335 | 2 | 3 | 19 | 57 |
Ucayali | 201,342 | 2 | 3 | 22 | 60 |
Nationwide | 16,494,906 | 120 | 130 | 14-24 | 2,587 |
A total of 21 parties nominated 15 candidates for the Andean Parliament each, for a total of 315 candidates. 73 candidates were rejected by the National Jury of Elections, leaving 242 candidates from 19 parties. Participating parties include all those with Congressional candidates, except And It's Called Peru, Decentralization Coalition, Democratic Force, FREPAP and Let's Make Progress Peru.
The only official presidential debate was held on May 21, 2006 between Ollanta Humala and Alan García, with journalist Augusto Álvarez Rodrich as moderator, in the National Museum of Archaeology. There were no debates before the first round.
Humala arrived late, so García started the debate on his own, claiming that his opponent had "stopped at a bar for a sandwich" and accusing him of having "no respect for the country". Humala accused Aprista supporters of delaying his arrival.
Álvarez Rodrich asked Humala to remove a small Peruvian flag on his podium before his first intervention, in order to have equitative images for both contenders. The candidate refused, saying that the national symbol was nothing to be ashamed about and arguing that the debate arrangements did not forbid using it, leading the moderator to withdraw the flag himself.
The Union for Peru candidate attacked García's position on a bilateral free trade agreement with the United States as "ambiguous"; said that Vladimiro Montesinos would evidently vote for his opponent (since the former intelligence chief had recently claimed that Humala's uprising in 2001 had been staged as a distraction for his escape from the country); reminded the audience of a tape showing Montesinos bribing former Peruvian Aprista Party Secretary-General Agustín Mantilla; alluded to a paramilitary group that operated during García's presidency; promised not to receive his salary if he got elected, but only his payments as a retired Lieutenant Colonel; proposed the formation of a Constituent Assembly to rewrite the Constitution on the basis of its 1979 version; and suggested the possibility of reopening a penitentiary, where corrupt government officials and "ex-presidents" would be sent, in a tacit attack at García.
García called Humala a "demagogue" for promising to lower fuel prices by 30 percent; reminded his opponent of his earnings as a military attaché in France and South Korea; called on Humala for asking García to clarify whether he would free Montesinos or not, saying that such decision would concern the Judiciary branch anyway and that pretending to take such powers would be undemocratic, "in the style of (Hugo) Chávez"; indirectly pointed to Humala's support of his brother Antauro's 2005 rebellion, leading to the death of four policemen; and promised to enforce the payment of extra hours, stop arbitrary employment terminations and change some aspects of pension systems.
The media and political analysts described the debate mostly as "boring" and centered on personal attacks, with García not delivering a decisive victory, despite his much greater political experience. [1] [2] Opinion polls in Metropolitan Lima and Callao gave García a clear victory over Humala, though these were anti-Humala strongholds throughout the campaign. [3] [4] [5]
A debate between the technical teams of both candidates was held on May 28 in the Museum of the Nation.
Candidate | Party | First round | Second round | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Votes | % | Votes | % | |||
Ollanta Humala | Union for Peru | 3,758,258 | 30.62 | 6,270,080 | 47.37 | |
Alan García | American Popular Revolutionary Alliance | 2,985,858 | 24.32 | 6,965,017 | 52.63 | |
Lourdes Flores | National Unity | 2,923,280 | 23.81 | |||
Martha Chávez | Alliance for the Future | 912,420 | 7.43 | |||
Valentín Paniagua | Center Front | 706,156 | 5.75 | |||
Humberto Lay | National Restoration | 537,564 | 4.38 | |||
Susana Villarán | Decentralization Coalition | 76,106 | 0.62 | |||
Jaime Salinas | National Justice | 65,636 | 0.53 | |||
Javier Diez Canseco | Socialist Party | 60,955 | 0.50 | |||
Natale Amprimo | Alliance for Progress | 49,332 | 0.40 | |||
Pedro Koechlin von Stein | With Force Peru | 38,212 | 0.31 | |||
Alberto Moreno | New Left Movement | 33,918 | 0.28 | |||
Alberto Borea | Democratic Force | 24,584 | 0.20 | |||
Ulises Humala | Go on Country | 24,518 | 0.20 | |||
Ciro Gálvez | Andean Renaissance | 22,892 | 0.19 | |||
Javier Espinoza | Let's Make Progress Peru | 13,965 | 0.11 | |||
José Cardó Guarderas | Democratic Reconstruction | 11,925 | 0.10 | |||
Ántero Asto | Peruvian Resurgence | 10,857 | 0.09 | |||
Ricardo Wong | And It's Called Peru | 10,539 | 0.09 | |||
Luis Guerrero | Peru Now | 8,410 | 0.07 | |||
Total | 12,275,385 | 100.00 | 13,235,097 | 100.00 | ||
Valid votes | 12,275,385 | 83.89 | 13,235,097 | 91.48 | ||
Invalid/blank votes | 2,356,618 | 16.11 | 1,233,181 | 8.52 | ||
Total votes | 14,632,003 | 100.00 | 14,468,278 | 100.00 | ||
Registered voters/turnout | 16,494,906 | 88.71 | ||||
Source: JNE |
Union for Peru obtained 45 out of 120 seats in Congress, more than any other party, but still shy of an absolute majority, despite victories in 16 of 25 Electoral Districts. The Peruvian Aprista Party got the most votes in six Districts and took 36 seats. National Unity obtained 17 seats and a local victory in Lima; Alliance for the Future took 13 seats and won in Pasco; Center Front got 5 seats; ruling party Possible Peru only got 2, after being the stronger party in the 2001-2006 period; and National Restoration took the remaining 2 seats, as well as most votes in Madre de Dios. The latter two obtained barely above the minimum 4% of valid votes nationwide for Congress representation.
The strongholds for the three main parties were essentially the same as in the presidential election: the southern Andes for Union for Peru, the northern-central coast for the Peruvian Aprista Party, and Lima (plus voters abroad, which counted as part of this Electoral District) for National Unity.
Former President Alberto Fujimori's daughter Keiko, of Alliance for the Future, obtained 602,869 votes, the highest individual voting nationwide (though it should be taken into account that she ran in Lima, the Electoral District with, by far, the largest electorate). She was followed by Carlos Bruce of Possible Peru, a former Minister of Housing, Construction and Sanitation, with 193,374.
The most voted candidate of the party with the most votes presides over the preparatory board for the installation of the new Congress. However, this corresponded to Carlos Torres Caro, Union for Peru's candidate for Second Vice-President, who, along with Gustavo Espinoza and Rocío González resigned from the party following the second round, arguing that Humala's approach to their role as an opposition party was too violent. The three incoming Members of Congress presented the new Peruvian Democratic Party on 26 June. [29]
Center Front, Possible Peru and National Restoration agreed to formally create a joint group in Congress with their 9 members, under the name of the first party. [30] This new group was the only one without representation in the multi-partisan Directive Board of the new Congress, led by the Peruvian Aprista Party's Mercedes Cabanillas as president.
Party | Votes | % | Seats | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Union for Peru | 2,274,797 | 21.15 | 45 | |
American Popular Revolutionary Alliance | 2,213,623 | 20.59 | 36 | |
National Unity | 1,648,717 | 15.33 | 17 | |
Alliance for the Future | 1,408,069 | 13.09 | 13 | |
Center Front | 760,261 | 7.07 | 5 | |
Possible Peru | 441,462 | 4.11 | 2 | |
National Restoration | 432,209 | 4.02 | 2 | |
Alliance for Progress | 248,400 | 2.31 | 0 | |
Democratic Force | 153,437 | 1.43 | 0 | |
Independent Moralizing Front | 156,433 | 1.45 | 0 | |
National Justice | 151,167 | 1.41 | 0 | |
Socialist Party | 134,166 | 1.25 | 0 | |
New Left Movement | 133,106 | 1.24 | 0 | |
Go on Country | 122,654 | 1.14 | 0 | |
Decentralization Coalition | 91,784 | 0.85 | 0 | |
Agricultural People's Front of Peru | 85,019 | 0.79 | 0 | |
Andean Renaissance | 75,445 | 0.70 | 0 | |
With Force Peru | 71,385 | 0.66 | 0 | |
Peru Now | 46,443 | 0.43 | 0 | |
Democratic Reconstruction | 28,775 | 0.27 | 0 | |
Project Country | 21,534 | 0.20 | 0 | |
Peruvian Resurgence | 20,579 | 0.19 | 0 | |
Let's Make Progress Peru | 13,999 | 0.13 | 0 | |
And It's Called Peru | 19,859 | 0.18 | 0 | |
Total | 10,753,323 | 100.00 | 120 | |
Valid votes | 10,753,323 | 73.53 | ||
Invalid/blank votes | 3,871,557 | 26.47 | ||
Total votes | 14,624,880 | 100.00 | ||
Registered voters/turnout | 16,494,906 | 88.66 | ||
Source: JNE |
Electoral District | UPP | PAP | UN | AF | FC | PP | RN | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Amazonas | 1 | 1 | 2 | |||||
Ancash | 2 | 2 | 1 | 5 | ||||
Apurímac | 2 | 2 | ||||||
Arequipa | 3 | 1 | 1 | 5 | ||||
Ayacucho | 3 | 3 | ||||||
Cajamarca | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 5 | |||
Callao | 1 | 2 | 1 | 4 | ||||
Cusco | 4 | 1 | 5 | |||||
Huancavelica | 2 | 2 | ||||||
Huánuco | 2 | 1 | 3 | |||||
Ica | 1 | 2 | 1 | 4 | ||||
Junín | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 5 | |||
La Libertad | 1 | 5 | 1 | 7 | ||||
Lambayeque | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 5 | |||
Lima | 6 | 7 | 8 | 8 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 35 |
Loreto | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | ||||
Madre de Dios | 1 | 1 | ||||||
Moquegua | 1 | 1 | 2 | |||||
Pasco | 1 | 1 | 2 | |||||
Piura | 2 | 3 | 1 | 6 | ||||
Puno | 3 | 1 | 1 | 5 | ||||
San Martín | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | ||||
Tacna | 1 | 1 | 2 | |||||
Tumbes | 1 | 1 | 2 | |||||
Ucayali | 1 | 1 | 2 | |||||
Total | 45 | 36 | 17 | 13 | 5 | 2 | 2 | 120 |
Only the three main parties obtained representation in the Andean Parliament, with Union for Peru and the Peruvian Aprista Party obtaining 2 seats (plus 4 substitutes) each, and National Unity getting one seat (and two substitutes). Union for Peru got the most votes, with 24.0% of the valid ballots. Congressman Rafael Rey of National Unity obtained the most individual votes, with 611,638, after which he announced his own and his party National Renewal's departure from the coalition.
Party | Votes | % | Seats | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Union for Peru | 2,044,863 | 23.97 | 2 | |
American Popular Revolutionary Alliance | 1,927,836 | 22.60 | 2 | |
National Unity | 1,812,385 | 21.24 | 1 | |
Alliance for the Future | 793,442 | 9.30 | 0 | |
Center Front | 479,365 | 5.62 | 0 | |
National Restoration | 435,844 | 5.11 | 0 | |
Possible Peru | 193,685 | 2.27 | 0 | |
Alliance for Progress | 140,505 | 1.65 | 0 | |
Socialist Party | 140,089 | 1.64 | 0 | |
National Justice | 96,982 | 1.14 | 0 | |
With Force Peru | 95,599 | 1.12 | 0 | |
New Left Movement | 81,699 | 0.96 | 0 | |
Independent Moralizing Front | 77,512 | 0.91 | 0 | |
Go on Country | 64,220 | 0.75 | 0 | |
Andean Renaissance | 53,070 | 0.62 | 0 | |
Democratic Reconstruction | 27,398 | 0.32 | 0 | |
Peru Now | 24,571 | 0.29 | 0 | |
Peruvian Resurgence | 22,055 | 0.26 | 0 | |
Project Country | 20,312 | 0.24 | 0 | |
Total | 8,531,432 | 100.00 | 5 | |
Valid votes | 8,531,432 | 58.33 | ||
Invalid/blank votes | 6,093,799 | 41.67 | ||
Total votes | 14,625,231 | 100.00 | ||
Registered voters/turnout | 16,494,906 | 88.67 | ||
Source: JNE |