Presidential elections were held in
Madagascar on 16 December 2001.[1] Initial results suggested a second round was necessary, as neither incumbent
PresidentDidier Ratsiraka nor
Marc Ravalomanana, the two main candidates, had won a majority. However, Ravalomanana rejected the results and declared himself President in February 2002, resulting in
violence breaking out between supporters of the two candidates.[2] A recount was held, after which Ravalomanana was awarded 51.46% of the votes, and in April the High Constitutional Court declared him the winner. Although Ratsiraka rejected the verdict, the
United States recognised Ravalomanana as President in June, and the following month Ratsiraka fled to France.[2]