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Overview of the events of 1999 in archaeology
The year 1999 in
archaeology involved some significant events.
Excavations
Excavations resume at
Qatna , in
Syria , by the
Deutsche Orient-Gesellschaft .
Osiris Shaft in the
Giza pyramid complex of Egypt, by
Zahi Hawass .
[1]
Wide-scope vertical and horizontal excavation of world's oldest wet-rice (
rice paddy ) agricultural feature, c. 800 BC, at Okhyeon site,
Ulsan , Korea.
Excavation at Tal-i Malyan in
Anshan (Iran) .
Excavations at
Hyde Abbey ,
Winchester , England.
Excavations begin at
Tursiannotko in
Pirkkala ,
Finland .
September – First season of excavations at the
Bronze Age
Tell es-Sakan in
Palestine , jointly led by Pierre de Miroschedji and Moain Sadeq.
[2]
Exploration
Finds
March 16 – Mummified
Children of Llullaillaco found on the volcanic peak of
Llullaillaco in South America.
May 24–28 – Wreck of Israeli submarine
INS Dakar (sunk 1968) located in eastern
Mediterranean Sea .
July 16 –
Spillings Hoard of silver found on
Gotland .
[3]
July 22 – A frozen and
mummified body, later named
Kwäday Dän Ts’ìnchi ("Long Ago Person Found"), is found in a Canadian
glacier .
Nebra sky disk found by illegal metal detectorists in
Saxony-Anhalt ; if its
Bronze Age
dating is accurate, it is the oldest physical depiction of the
cosmos known from anywhere in the world.
[4]
Shipwreck, originally thought to be
RMS Carpathia , but later identified as
Hamburg-America Line 's Isis (sunk 1936), located in eastern
Atlantic Ocean .
[5]
Wreck of British submarine
HMS M1 (sunk 1925) in the
English Channel .
[6]
Shipwreck thought to be
William Kidd 's pirate ship
Adventure Galley (scuttled 1698) located off
Madagascar by
Barry Clifford .
[7]
Marausa wreck (Roman) located off Sicily.
[8]
105 mummies are discovered in the first four tombs to be opened in the
Valley of the Golden Mummies in
Egypt .
John and
Deborah Darnell of the
Theban Desert Road Survey announce discovery of inscriptions from around 1800 BCE at Wadi el-Hol, Egypt, in a partly phonetic
Proto-Sinaitic alphabet .
[9]
[10]
Venus of Tan-Tan (300,000–500,000 BP) found in
Morocco .
[11]
Ġebel ġol-Baħar , possibly a submerged
megalithic temple , is discovered off the coast of
Malta .
Submerged ruins of
Heracleion in Egypt are located and explored by French
underwater archaeologist
Franck Goddio after a 5-year search.
[12]
Site of
Must Farm Bronze Age settlement in
The Fens of eastern England first located.
Croatian Apoxyomenos raised from the sea.
[13]
Discovery of
Wezmeh Cave in Iran
[14]
Publications
Penelope M. Allison (ed.) – The Archaeology of Household Activities .
Victor Buchli – An Archaeology of Socialism .
John Carman and Anthony Harding (ed.) – Ancient Warfare: archaeological perspectives .
Chris Gosden and Jon Hather (ed.) – The Prehistory of Food: appetites for change .
Matthew Johnson – Archaeological Theory: an introduction .
Thomas Stöllner – Der prähistorische Salzbergbau am Dürrnberg bei Hallein: Forschungsgeschichte, Forschungsstand, Forschungsanliegen , Bd 1.
July–August issue of
Archaeology asks: "Is Schliemann Mask a Fake?". Some scholars, noting that the "
Mask of Agamemnon " is significantly different from the others found at the site, contend that
Schliemann had some of the features added to make the mask appear more heroic to viewers of his day.
Deaths
References
^ kmtsesh (February 18, 2012).
"The Osiris Shaft: a Giza cenotaph" . Ancient Near East: Just the Facts . Retrieved October 24, 2019 .
^ Miroschedji, Pierre de; Sadek, Moain (2000).
"Tell es-Sakan, un site du Bronze ancien découvert dans la région de Gaza (information)" . Comptes-rendus des séances de l année - Académie des inscriptions et belles-lettres (in French). 144 (1): 127.
doi :
10.3406/crai.2000.16103 .
ISSN
0065-0536 .
^ Reistad, Helena (June 14, 2002).
"Silverskörd. Vi har tre månader på oss att se världens största vikingatida silverskatt – sedan åker den tillbaka till Gotland" [Silver harvest. We have three months to see it – after that it goes back to Gotland].
Dagens Nyheter (in Swedish). Retrieved April 18, 2015 .
^
"Nebra Sky Disc" .
Memory of the World .
UNESCO . June 2013. Retrieved October 20, 2021 . one of the most important archaeological finds of the twentieth century.
^ Cussler, Clive; Delgado, James P. (2004). Adventures of a Sea Hunter: In Search of Famous Shipwrecks . Vancouver: Douglas & McIntyre. p. 85.
ISBN
9781553650713 .
^ McCartney, Innes (2002). Lost Patrols: Submarine Wrecks of the English Channel . Penzance: Periscope.
ISBN
9781904381044 .
^ Van Den Boogaerde, Pierre (2011). Shipwrecks of Madagascar . Strategic Book Publishing.
ISBN
9781612043395 .
^ Mignone, Pablo (May 20, 2013).
" "El camino hacia el Santuario Incaico del Llullaillaco": el complejo arqueológico más alto del mundo analizado a través de un SIG" . Virtual Archaeology Review . 4 (8): 145–154.
doi :
10.4995/var.2013.4356 .
^ Baker, Dorie (December 13, 1999 – January 17, 2000).
"Finding sheds new light on the alphabet's origins" . Yale Bulletin and Calendar . 28 (16). Archived from
the original on October 19, 2012. Retrieved March 16, 2012 .
^
"Alphabet Originated Centuries Earlier Than Previously Thought" .
Science Daily . November 22, 1999. Retrieved March 16, 2012 .
^
" 'Oldest sculpture' found in Morocco" . BBC News . May 23, 2003. Retrieved June 8, 2017 .
^
"You won't believe what they found under the sea!" . Geeks VIP . July 12, 2015. Archived from
the original on August 14, 2018.
^
"The Athlete of Croatia: a bronze youth from the sea" . The British Museum . Retrieved June 8, 2017 .
^ Farnaz Broushaki (2016).
"Early Neolithic genomes from the eastern Fertile Crescent" . Science . 353 (6298): 499–503.
Bibcode :
2016Sci...353..499B .
doi :
10.1126/science.aaf7943 .
PMC
5113750 .
PMID
27417496 .
^
"Yury Valentinovich Knorozov - Russian linguist" . Encyclopedia Britannica . Retrieved November 21, 2017 .
^ Welch, Martin (June 23, 1999).
"Obituary: Sonia Chadwick Hawkes" . The Independent . Retrieved January 28, 2023 .
^ Birley, Anthony (July 22, 1999).
"Barri Jones" . The Guardian . Retrieved April 17, 2017 .