The 1951 New Zealand general election was a nationwide vote to determine the shape of the
New Zealand Parliament's
30th term. The
First National Government was re-elected, with the
National Party increasing its parliamentary majority over the opposition
Labour Party. This was the last time until the
2020 election that a party was elected to majority government of New Zealand by receiving a majority of the vote.
Background
The
National Party had formed its first administration after the
1949 elections, in which it had ended four terms of government by the
Labour Party.[1] The National government, with
Sidney Holland as
Prime Minister, had undertaken a number of economic and constitutional reforms, although it had not seriously modified the new
social welfare system which Labour had introduced. Labour's leader,
Peter Fraser, had died in December 1950 after a long period of poor health, and had been replaced in January 1951 by
Walter Nash. Nash had been
Minister of Finance for the duration of the first Labour government.[2]
The most significant issue in the 1951 elections was the growing industrial unrest of the time, particularly the ongoing
dockworkers dispute. Holland condemned the strikers, calling the situation "industrial anarchy". The Labour Party, under Nash, attempted to take a moderate position in the dispute, but ended up displeasing both sides. Holland, seeking a mandate to respond strongly to the strike, called a
snap election. Another issue was high inflation, which frustrated voters and without the distraction of the strike, might have threatened Holland's government at the scheduled election for 1952.[3]
MPs retiring in 1951
Two MPs retired at the election, one each from Labour and National.
The date for the main 1951 elections was 1 September, and for the first time, elections to the four
Maori seats were held on the same day.[4] The 1951 elections were also the first under the new regulations which required elections to be held on a Saturday. 1,205,762 people were registered to vote, and
turnout was 89.1%.[5] The number of seats being contested was 80, a number which had been fixed since 1902.[6]
Results
Party standings
The 1951 election saw the governing
National Party re-elected with a twenty-seat margin, a substantial improvement on the twelve-seat margin it previously held. National won fifty seats compared with the
Labour Party's thirty.[6] The popular vote was closer, however, with National winning 54% to Labour's 46%.[7] No seats were won by minor party candidates or by independents.[8] No party then captured a majority of the vote until the 2020 election, when Labour won 50.01%.[7]
Gustafson, Barry (1986). The First 50 Years : A History of the New Zealand National Party. Auckland: Reed Methuen.
ISBN0-474-00177-6.
Norton, Clifford (1988). New Zealand Parliamentary Election Results 1946–1987: Occasional Publications No 1, Department of Political Science. Wellington: Victoria University of Wellington.
ISBN0-475-11200-8.
Wilson, James Oakley (1985) [First ed. published 1913]. New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1984 (4th ed.). Wellington: V.R. Ward, Govt. Printer.
OCLC154283103.