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Overview of the events of 1912 in film
Overview of the events of 1912 in film
The year 1912 in film involved some significant events.
Events
February –
Babelsberg Studio outside
Berlin begins operation with the shooting of
The Dance of the Dead (Der Totentanz ) by Danish director
Urban Gad , starring
Asta Nielsen (released September 7).
April 15 –
Sinking of the Titanic : British passenger liner
Titanic sinks having struck an iceberg in the
Atlantic Ocean on her maiden voyage from the United Kingdom to the United States, killing more than 1,500. This is depicted in many works of popular culture, including films, beginning with the May 16 U.S. release
Saved from the Titanic , starring and co-written by
Dorothy Gibson , who is herself a survivor of the disaster.
April 30 –
Universal Film Manufacturing Company is founded in New York, the oldest surviving film studio in the United States.
May 8 –
Famous Players Film Company , the forerunner of
Paramount Pictures , is founded by
Adolph Zukor .
May 18 –
Shree Pundalik by
Dadasaheb Torne , the first
Indian film , is released.
June 8 –
New York Motion Picture Company is merged with Universal, giving Universal a studio in
Edendale, Los Angeles .
July 4 –
Mack Sennett , who has previously worked as an actor and comedy director with
D. W. Griffith , forms a new company with New York City entrepreneur Adam Kessel,
Keystone Studios . It will play an important role in developing
slapstick comedy as the home to the
Keystone Cops , English actor
Charlie Chaplin , and others.
July 12 –
Queen Elizabeth is the first film released by Famous Players.
July 26 –
Edison Studios releases
What Happened to Mary , the first ever motion picture
serial .
Edison introduces the Home Kinetoscope, a home film-projector which uses a 22 mm print consisting of three rows of frames.
Pathé releases
Pathe Kok , their first entry into the amateur market, with a gauge of 28 mm.
Alexander F. Victor improves on the 17.5 mm format with his
Duoscope , which uses two center
perforations instead of the typical one.
Bell & Howell introduce the first all-metal camera, the 2709 35mm.
Films released in 1912
1812 , Russian film directed by
Vasili Goncharov
[1]
All for a Girl , directed by Frederick A. Thompson
Andalusian Superstition (French/Pathe) written and directed by
Segundo de Chomon ; filmed in hand-tinted color
[2]
At the Foot of the Ladder , produced by the
Thanhouser Company
At It Again , produced and directed by
Mack Sennett
Aurora Floyd , directed by
Theodore Marston
Baby Hands
The Bandit of Tropico
A Battle of Wits
The Beautiful Leukanida
Bebe and Spiritualism (French/ Gaumont) directed by
Louis Feuillade , starring child star Rene Dary and Paul Manson; this was one of a series of 64 films that featured the popular Bebe ("Baby") film character
[3]
[4]
The Belle of Bar-Z Ranch , directed by
Thomas Ricketts
Bertie's Book of Magic (British/ Hepworth) directed by Frank Wilson
[5]
Billy's Seance (Universal/ IMP) starring John R. Cumpson and Charles Arling; a spoof on "seance films".
[6]
The Brute (Champion Films) directed by Ulysses Davis, produced by Mark M. Dintenfass
[7]
[8]
A Business Buccaneer
The Cameraman's Revenge
The Charge of the Light Brigade
Cleopatra , directed by Charles L. Gaskill and starring
Helen Gardner ; one of the earliest American feature films
Conductor 786 , produced by the Thanhouser Company
Conscience (Vitagraph), aka The Chamber of Horrors , produced by Albert E. Smith, directed by
Maurice Costello , starring Rose Tapely and Robert Gaillard.
[9]
Convicted by Hypnotism (French/ Eclair) aka A Double Life , directed by Victorin-Hippolyte Jasset, starring Cecile Guyon and Charles Krauss
[10]
The County Fair
The Conquest of the Pole , aka A la conquete du Pole , directed by
Georges Méliès (his last film).
[11]
Curse of the Hindoo Pearl (American Standard Films) based on the 1868
Wilkie Collins novel The Moonstone
[12]
[13]
Curse of the Lake (Vitagraph)
[14]
Custer's Last Fight , directed by
Francis Ford
Dante and Beatrice (Italian/ Ambrosio Prods.)
[15]
A Dash Through the Clouds , directed by
Mack Sennett , starring
Mabel Normand and American aviation pioneer
Philip Parmelee .
The Deserter , directed by
Thomas H. Ince
The Diabolical Box (British/ Urbanora Films)
[16]
Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (Thanhouser) directed by
Lucius Henderson , starring
James Cruze and
Marguerite Snow
[17]
[18]
A Drama of the Castle; or, Do the Dead Return? (French) written and directed by
Abel Gance
[19]
El Fusilamiento de Jose Rizal , directed by Albert Yearsley
[20]
The Fatal Pact (French/ Pathe) features a magic genie
[21]
The Fatal Pearl (Italian/ Aquila)
[22]
Faust (British) produced by Charles Urban, filmed in
Kinemacolor ; (a lost film today).
[23]
Feathertop (French/ U.S. co-production) produced by Eclair/ American Standard; starring Muriel Ostriche and Julia Stuart; based on the 1852 short story by
Nathaniel Hawthorne .
[24]
The Female of the Species , directed by
D. W. Griffith , starring
Mary Pickford
The Fickle Spaniard , directed by
Mack Sennett , starring
Mabel Normand
For His Son , directed by
D. W. Griffith , starring
Blanche Sweet
For the Cause of the South , directed by
Bannister Merwin , starring
Laura Sawyer ,
Ben F. Wilson ,
Charles Ogle
Frankfurters and Quail
Friends , directed by
D. W. Griffith , starring
Mary Pickford and
Lionel Barrymore
From the Manger to the Cross , directed by
Sidney Olcott (One of the earliest American feature film.)
From the Submerged , written and directed by
Theodore Wharton
Gavroche and the Ghosts , aka Gavroche and the Spirits (French/ Eclair) directed by
Romeo Bosetti , starring Paul Bertho; one of a series of 40 short French silent films all featuring the comic character "Gavroche"
[25]
Geronimo's Last Raid
The Ghost of Sulphur Mountain (Star Film) directed by
Gaston Méliès and Robert Goodman, starring Francis Ford
[26]
[27]
Ghosts (Essanay Films) starred Norman MacDonald and Joseph Allen Sr.
[28]
Ghosts (British/ Hepworth) directed by Hay Plumb, starring Harry Buss and Ivy Close
[29]
The Girl and Her Trust , directed by
D. W. Griffith , starring
Dorothy Bernard and
Wilfred Lucas
The Half-Breed's Way
The Haunted House (French/ Pathe)
[30]
The Herncrake Witch (British/ Heron Films) written and directed by
Mark Melford , starring Jakidawdra Melford and produced by Andrew Heron
[31]
The Hindoo Charm (Lubin Films) directed by Maurice Costello (also star), also starring Clara Kimball Young and James Young
[32]
The Honor of the Family
Hop o' My Thumb (French/ Gaumont) Based on the Perrault fairy tale
[33]
Hot Stuff , starring
Mack Sennett ,
Mabel Normand , and
Dell Henderson
How a Mosquito Operates
An Indian Legend (Broncho/ Mutual Films) produced by
Thomas H. Ince , directed by Francis Ford
[34]
[35]
Indian Romeo and Juliet
In Nacht und Eis
The Independence of Romania The first Romanian feature film to run for two hours.
In the Grip of the Vampire (French/ Gaumont Films) written by Leonce Perret
[36]
The Invaders
It Happened Thus
Jack and the Beanstalk (produced by Thomas Edison)
[37]
Keystone Comedy
The Knight of the Snows (French/ Pathe & Star Films) written and directed by George Melies
[38]
[39]
La Vida de Jose Rizal , directed by Edward M. Gross
[40]
La Vida y Muerte del Gran Martir Filipino, Dr. Jose Rizal , directed by Albert Yearsley
[41]
The Lady of Shallot (British/ Hepworth) written and directed by
Elwin Neame , based on the Lord Tennyson poem; starring Ivy Close.
[42]
The Land Beyond the Sunset
The Legend of Cagliostro (Gaumont Films)
[43]
The Legend of Sleepy Hollow (French/ Eclair & American Standard Films) directed by
Etienne Arnaud , starring Alec B. Francis and Muriel Ostriche, based on the story by
Washington Irving
[44]
Les Amours de la reine Élisabeth (released in the US as Queen Elizabeth ), first film released by
Famous Players Film Company , starring
Sarah Bernhardt
The Lesser Evil , directed by
D. W. Griffith , starring
Blanche Sweet
The Lion Tonic (Italian/ Cines)
[45]
The Little Girl Next Door
The Live Man's Tomb (Italian/ Itala Films)
[46]
Lucrezia Borgia (Italian/ Film d'Arte Films) directed by Gerolamo Lo Savio, written by
Ugo Falena , starring Vittorio Lepanto as Lucrezia and Achille Vitti as Cesare.
[47]
Mabel's Lovers , directed by
Mack Sennett , starring
Mabel Normand
Magical Matches (Urbanora Films)
[48]
A Magnetic Influence (British/ Urbanora Films) produced by Charles Urban; yet another adaptation of the novel Trilby
[49]
[50]
Making An American Citizen
Man's Genesis (Biograph) written and directed by
D. W. Griffith , starring Robert Harron,
Mae Marsh and Wilfred Lucas; this film was expanded in 1913 and re-released as The Primitive Man .
[51]
The Mask of Horror (French/ Film Francais) written and directed by
Abel Gance , starring Edouard de Max, Charles de Rochefort and Mathilde Thizeau (Gance's wife)
[52]
The Massacre , directed by
D. W. Griffith , starring
Blanche Sweet and
Lionel Barrymore
Maud Muller
The Mender Of Nets , directed by
D. W. Griffith , starring
Mabel Normand and
Mary Pickford
Mephisto (British/ Charles Urban Prods.) filmed in Kinemacolor (a lost film today)
[53]
The Miracle , the first full-color, full-length feature film (5,500 feet)
Das Mirakel
The Mummy and the Cowpuncher (Kalem Films) a 5-minute Western-Comedy starring
Ruth Roland and John E. Brennan
[54]
The Musketeers of Pig Alley , directed by
D. W. Griffith , starring
Lillian Gish
The Mystery of Souls (Italian/ Itala Films) directed by Vincenzo Denizot, starring Alessandro Bernard and Lydia Quaranta; seems to have been inspired by the novel "Trilby".
[55]
Mystery of the Glass Coffin (Eclair/ Tyler Films)
[56]
The Mystical Maid of Jamasha Pass , directed by
Allan Dwan (his first film), starring
J. Warren Kerrigan and Jack Richardson.
[57]
Nan in Fairyland (British/ C&M Films)
[58]
A New Cure for Divorce
The New York Hat , directed by
D. W. Griffith , starring
Mary Pickford and
Lionel Barrymore
Nursie and Knight (Thanhouser) dream sequence involves a dragon.
[59]
The Old Actor
The Old Doctor's Humanity
Oliver Twist (British/ Hepworth) directed by Thomas Bentley; based on the novel by
Charles Dickens
[60]
Onesime, Clock-maker , directed by Jean Durand
One Too Exciting Night (British/ Hepworth Films) produced by
Cecil Hepworth
[61]
Paradise (Italian/ Psiche Film) based on the third act of Dante's Divine Comedy (sort of a sequel to Dante's Inferno )
[62]
Parsifal (Italian/ Ambrosio) based on the opera by Wagner
The Passer-By , directed by
Oscar Apfel . Not the first moving camera shot or dolly shot, but notable for its use as dramatic emphasis.
[63]
Petticoat Camp
Pilgrim's Progress
The Plague-Stricken City (French/ Gaumont) the filmmakers tried to emulate the 1912 Italian silent film Masque of the Red Death herein, which in turn was based on the famous story by
Edgar Allan Poe
[64]
Please Help the Pore
Polidor at the Death Club (Italian/ Pasquali Films) one of dozens of silent films featuring the "Polidor" character all starring Ferdinando Guillaume; this film was a spoof on the
Robert Louis Stevenson novel The Suicide Club
[65]
[66]
The Power of Melody
A Primitive Man's Career to Civilization
Put Yourself in His Place
The Queen of Spades (French/ Eclipse) This film was actually an adaptation of
Robert Louis Stevenson 's 1878 novel The Suicide Club , but the film also draws from the 1833
Alexander Pushkin novel
Pikovaya dama as well.
[67]
The Raven (Eclair/ American Standard) a French-American co-production purporting to be the "true story" of
Edgar Allan Poe 's life, starring
Guy Oliver and Muriel Ostriche; inspired by the poem by
Edgar Allan Poe and incorporating images from eight of Poe's short stories (filmed in Fort Lee, Texas)
[68]
The Reincarnation of Karma (Vitagraph Films) directed by Van Dyke Brooke, starring Courtenay Foote and
Rosemary Theby
[69]
Resurrection
Richard III (Second oldest American feature film. Currently the oldest completely intact American feature film.)
Robin Hood
St. George and the Dragon (Italian/ Milano Films) this film was hand-colored.
[70]
Satan , aka Satana , aka Satan, the Destroyer of Humanity (Italian/ Ambrosio Films) directed by
Luigi Maggi , written by
Guido Volante , starring Rina Alby, Antonio Grisanti and Mario Bonnard (as Satan); photography by Giovanni Vitrotti; inspired by
John Milton 's Paradise Lost
[71]
Saved From the Titanic
The Sea's Shadow / Der Schatten des Meeres , aka In the Shadow of the Sea (German) directed by
Curt A. Stark (also star), also starring Lizzy Krueger, Henry Porten and Fran Retzlag; produced by
Otto Messter .
[72]
The Secrets of House Number Five (Russian-French co-production/ Pathe Films) said to be one of the first films to feature vampires
[73]
[74]
The Serpents (Vitagraph) starring Ralph Ince and Edith Storey
[75]
Sherlock Holmes Film Series (Eclair, British-French); a series of 8
Sherlock Holmes films directed by
Georges Treville (who also played Holmes); includes "The Speckled Band", "Silver Blaze", "The Beryl Coronet", "The Musgrave Ritual", "The Reigate Squires", "The Stolen Papers", "The Boscombe Valley Muystery" and "The Copper Beeches"
[76]
The Silent Castle (French/ Gaumont) based on the fairy tale Sleeping Beauty
[77]
Simple Simon and the Devil , aka Onesime and the Devil (French/ Gaumont) directed by Jean Durand, starring Ernest Bourbon and Gaston Modot; one of a series of 60 "Onesime" films made in France (the character's name was changed to "Simple Simon" in the U.S.)
[78]
[79]
A Six Cylinder Elopement
The Skivvy's Ghost (French/ Lux Film)
[80]
Sleeping Beauty (British/ Hepworth Films) directed by Elwin Neame, starring Ivy Close; based on the
Charles Perrault fairy tale
[81]
A Son-in-Law's Nightmare (French/ Pathe)
[82]
A Spanish Dilemma , directed by
Mack Sennett , starring
Mabel Normand
[83]
The Spectre of Jago (Italian/ Aquila Films) starring Alberto Carlo Lolli
[84]
The Speed Demon , directed by
Mack Sennett , starring
Fred Mace
The Spell of the Hypnotist (Italian/ Helios Film)
[85]
A Spider in the Brain (Italian/ Itala Films)
[86]
A Spiritualistic Convert (French/ Pathe)
[87]
Spooks (French/ Pathe) a horror-comedy
[88]
Standing Room Only
The Star of Bethlehem
The Street Singer
Supernatural Power (French/ Pathe) features a seance with spirits
[89]
The System of Dr. Tarr and Professor Fether , aka The Lunatics (French/ Eclair) directed by
Maurice Tourneur , written by Andre de Lord, starring Henri Gouget and Henri Roussell; based on the
Edgar Allan Poe short story
[90]
The Tell-Tale Message
Les terreurs de Rigadin (French/Pathe) directed by George Monca, starring Charles Prince as "Rigadin"; this film was one in a series of over 100 "Rigadin" comedies made in France.
[91]
The Thief and the Porter's Head (Italian/ Milano Films)
[92]
The Thunderbolt
Tomboy Bessie , directed by
Mack Sennett , starring
Mabel Normand
Trilby (Austrian-Hungarian co-production) directed by Luise and Anton Kolm (with Jakob Fleck), starring
Elsa Galafrés Hubermann and Paul Askonas, based on the 1894 novel by
George du Maurier
[93]
Trilby (British/ Standard Films) based on the 1894 novel by George du Maurier
[94]
Undine (Thanhouser) directed by Lucius Henderson, starring Florence La Badie and Marguerite Snow; written by Lloyd Lonergan, based on the fairy tale “Undine” by Friedrich de la Motte Fouqué; released 9/24/12; prints exist in museums.
[95]
[96]
An Unseen Enemy , directed by
D. W. Griffith , debuts of
Lillian and
Dorothy Gish
The Vengeance of Edgar Poe (French/ Lux Film) directed by Gerard Bourgeois, written by
Abel Gance and Bourgeois, starring Edouard de Max and Jean Worms; biopic that deals with Poe's real-life drug addiction.
[97]
[98]
The Vengeance of Egypt (French/ Gaumont)
[99]
The Voice of Conscience
The Water Nymph , starring
Mabel Normand and
Mack Sennett . First Keystone comedy.
What Happened to Mary? , starring
Mary Fuller .
When Soul Meets Soul (Essanay Films) directed by Farrell MacDonald, starring
Francis X. Bushman (features a reincarnated mummy)
[100]
[101]
When the Fire Bells Rang
When the Heart Calls , starring
Lee Moran ,
Russell Bassett and
Louise Glaum
Whiffle's Nightmare , aka Le cauchemar de Rigadin (French/ Pathe) directed by George Monca, starring
Charles Prince as
Rigadin .
[102]
With Our King and Queen Through India
With the Mounted Police
The Woman in White (Universal Pictures) starring Janet Salzberg, Charles Perley and Alexander F. Frank; based on the famous 1859
Wilkie Collins novel of the same name.
[103]
[104]
The Woman in White (Thanhouser Films) written by Lloyd Lonergan, starring
Marguerite Snow and
James Cruze ; based on the famous 1859
Wilkie Collins novel of the same name.
[105]
Yotsuya Kaidan (translation: The Ghost of Yotsuya ) (Japanese/ Nikkatsu Films) directed by Shozo Makino, starring
Matsunosuke Onoe ; based on the famous 1825 kabuki play of the same name.
[106]
The Young Millionaire
Births
January 8 –
José Ferrer , Puerto Rican-American actor and director (died
1992 )
January 13 –
Paul Birch , American actor (died
1969 )
February 4 –
James Craig , American actor (died
1985 )
February 5 –
Willard Parker , American actor (died
1996 )
February 19 –
Saul Chaplin , American film composer (died
1997 )
February 19 –
Dorothy Janis , American actress (died
2010 )
February 21 –
Arline Judge , American actress (died
1974 )
February 26 –
Dane Clark , American actor (died
1998 )
March 22 –
Karl Malden , American actor (died
2009 )
April 5 –
Gordon Jones , American actor (died
1963 )
April 8 –
Sonja Henie , Norwegian
Olympic
ice-skater , actress (died
1969 )
April 11 -
John Larkin , American actor (died
1965 )
April 12 -
Walt Gorney , Austrian-American actor (died
2004 )
April 16 –
Catherine Scorsese , American actress (died
1997 )
April 18 –
Wendy Barrie , English actress (died
1978 )
April 29 –
Richard Carlson , American actor and director (died
1977 )
May 9 –
Pedro Armendáriz , Mexican actor (died
1963 )
May 18 –
Perry Como , American singer, actor (died
2001 )
May 23
May 29 –
Iris Adrian , American actress (died
1994 )
May 31 –
Dave O'Brien , American actor, director, writer (died
1969 )
June 1 –
Doris Wishman , American filmmaker (died
2002 )
June 26 –
Jay Silverheels , Canadian actor (Tonto ) (died
1980 )
July 4 –
Viviane Romance , French actress (died
1991 )
July 5 –
Ilona Massey , Hungarian-born American actress (died 1974)
August 1 –
Henry Jones , American actor (died
1999 )
August 12 –
Samuel Fuller , American director (died 1997)
August 15 –
Wendy Hiller , English actress (died
2003 )
August 23 –
Gene Kelly , American actor (died
1996 )
[107]
August 25 -
Ted Key , writer (died 2008)
August 29 –
Barry Sullivan , American actor (died 1974)
September 5
September 10 –
Mary Walter , Filipina actress (died 1993)
September 21 –
Chuck Jones , American animator (died 2002)
September 23 –
Martha Scott , American actress (died 2003)
September 29 –
Michelangelo Antonioni , Italian director (died
2007 )
October 10 -
Rudy Bond , American actor (died
1982 )
October 11 –
Betty Noyes American singer/dubber (died
1987 )
October 12 –
Peer Guldbrandsen , Danish screenwriter, actor, film director and producer (died
1996 )
October 13 –
Cornel Wilde , Hungarian-born American actor (died
1989 )
October 31 –
November 5 –
Paul Dehn , English screenwriter and poet (died 1976)
November 8 –
June Havoc , American actress (died
2010 )
November 21 –
Eleanor Powell , American dancer, actress (died
1982 )
[108]
November 24 –
Garson Kanin , American writer (died
1999 )
December 11 –
Carlo Ponti , Italian producer (died 2007)
Deaths
March 30 –
Karl May , writer,
Apache Gold (born 1842)
April 15 –
Jacques Futrelle , writer,
The Rivals of Sherlock Holmes , (perished in the
Titanic ) (born 1875)
April 20 –
Bram Stoker , writer,
Dracula (born 1847)
May 14 –
August Strindberg , writer,
Miss Julie (born 1849)
May 19 –
Bolesław Prus , writer,
Faraon (born 1847)
June 1 –
Philip Orin Parmelee , actor (with
Mabel Normand in
A Dash Through the Clouds ); pioneer aviator for the
Wright brothers (born 1887)
July 1 –
Harriet Quimby , writer (seven scenarios for D.W. Griffith); actress in one film; pioneer American aviator (born 1875)
December 14 –
Harry Cashman , comedy producer and actor for the Chicago-based
Essanay company.
Film debuts
References
^ Rollberg, Peter (2016). Historical Dictionary of Russian and Soviet Cinema. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 281.
ISBN
9781442268425 .
^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. Page 45.
ISBN
0-7864-0036-6 .
^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. Page 45.
ISBN
0-7864-0036-6 .
^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 92.
ISBN
978-1936168-68-2 .
^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. Page 45.
ISBN
0-7864-0036-6 .
^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 92.
ISBN
978-1936168-68-2 .
^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. Page 45.
ISBN
0-7864-0036-6 .
^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 92.
ISBN
978-1936168-68-2 .
^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. Page 46.
ISBN
0-7864-0036-6 .
^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. Page 46.
ISBN
0-7864-0036-6 .
^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. Page 46.
ISBN
0-7864-0036-6 .
^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. Page 46.
ISBN
0-7864-0036-6 .
^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 93.
ISBN
978-1936168-68-2 .
^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. Page 46.
ISBN
0-7864-0036-6 .
^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 100.
ISBN
978-1936168-68-2 .
^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. Page 46.
ISBN
0-7864-0036-6 .
^ Wlaschin, Ken (2009).
Silent Mystery and Detective Movies: A Comprehensive Filmography . McFarland. p. 70.
ISBN
9780786443505 .
^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc.
ISBN
0-7864-0036-6 . Page 42.
^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. Page 46.
ISBN
0-7864-0036-6 .
^
"El Fusilamiento de Jose Rizal (1912)" . imdb.com .
^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. Page 46.
ISBN
0-7864-0036-6 .
^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 94.
ISBN
978-1936168-68-2 .
^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 94.
ISBN
978-1936168-68-2 .
^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. Page 46.
ISBN
0-7864-0036-6 .
^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. Page 46.
ISBN
0-7864-0036-6 .
^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. Page 46.
ISBN
0-7864-0036-6 .
^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 95.
ISBN
978-1936168-68-2 .
^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 95.
ISBN
978-1936168-68-2 .
^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 95.
ISBN
978-1936168-68-2 .
^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. Page 45.
ISBN
0-7864-0036-6 .
^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. Page 47.
ISBN
0-7864-0036-6 .
^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. Page 47.
ISBN
0-7864-0036-6 .
^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. Page 47.
ISBN
0-7864-0036-6 .
^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. Page 47.
ISBN
0-7864-0036-6 .
^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 96.
ISBN
978-1936168-68-2 .
^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. Page 47.
ISBN
0-7864-0036-6 .
^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. Page 47.
ISBN
0-7864-0036-6 .
^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. Page 47.
ISBN
0-7864-0036-6 .
^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 96.
ISBN
978-1936168-68-2 .
^
"La Vida de Jose Rizal (1912)" . imdb.com . 25 August 1912.
^
"La Vida y Muerte del Gran Martir Filipino, Dr. Jose Rizal (1912)" . imdb.com .
^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. Page 47.
ISBN
0-7864-0036-6 .
^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. Page 47.
ISBN
0-7864-0036-6 .
^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. Page 48.
ISBN
0-7864-0036-6 .
^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. Page 48.
ISBN
0-7864-0036-6 .
^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. Page 48.
ISBN
0-7864-0036-6 .
^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 97.
ISBN
978-1936168-68-2 .
^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. Page 48.
ISBN
0-7864-0036-6 .
^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. Page 48.
ISBN
0-7864-0036-6 .
^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 97.
ISBN
978-1936168-68-2 .
^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. Page 48.
ISBN
0-7864-0036-6 .
^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 97.
ISBN
978-1936168-68-2 .
^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 98.
ISBN
978-1936168-68-2 .
^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 98.
ISBN
978-1936168-68-2 .
^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 99.
ISBN
978-1936168-68-2 .
^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. Page 48.
ISBN
0-7864-0036-6 .
^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. Page 48.
ISBN
0-7864-0036-6 .
^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. Page 48.
ISBN
0-7864-0036-6 .
^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. Page 48.
ISBN
0-7864-0036-6 .
^ Giddings, Robert & Sheen, Erica. From Page To Screen: Adaptations of the Classic Novel . Manchester University Press, 5 May 2000
^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. Page 48.
ISBN
0-7864-0036-6 .
^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 99.
ISBN
978-1936168-68-2 .
^ Logan, Bruce (26 January 2016).
"A Brief History of Camera Movement" . Zacuto . Retrieved 8 March 2021 .
^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 100.
ISBN
978-1936168-68-2 .
^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. Page 49.
ISBN
0-7864-0036-6 .
^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 100.
ISBN
978-1936168-68-2 .
^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. Page 49.
ISBN
0-7864-0036-6 .
^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. Page 49.
ISBN
0-7864-0036-6 .
^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. Page 49.
ISBN
0-7864-0036-6 .
^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. Page 49.
ISBN
0-7864-0036-6 .
^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc.
ISBN
0-7864-0036-6 . Page 49.
^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc.
ISBN
0-7864-0036-6 . Page 49.
^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc.
ISBN
0-7864-0036-6 . Page 50.
^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 101.
ISBN
978-1936168-68-2 .
^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc.
ISBN
0-7864-0036-6 . Page 50.
^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc.
ISBN
0-7864-0036-6 . Page 50.
^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc.
ISBN
0-7864-0036-6 . Page 50.
^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc.
ISBN
0-7864-0036-6 . Page 50.
^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 101.
ISBN
978-1936168-68-2 .
^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 102.
ISBN
978-1936168-68-2 .
^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc.
ISBN
0-7864-0036-6 . Page 50.
^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 102.
ISBN
978-1936168-68-2 .
^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 102.
ISBN
978-1936168-68-2 .
^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc.
ISBN
0-7864-0036-6 . Page 50.
^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 102.
ISBN
978-1936168-68-2 .
^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc.
ISBN
0-7864-0036-6 . Page 50.
^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc.
ISBN
0-7864-0036-6 . Page 50.
^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc.
ISBN
0-7864-0036-6 . Page 50.
^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc.
ISBN
0-7864-0036-6 . Page 50.
^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc.
ISBN
0-7864-0036-6 . Page 51.
^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 103.
ISBN
978-1936168-68-2 .
^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc.
ISBN
0-7864-0036-6 . Page 51.
^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc.
ISBN
0-7864-0036-6 . Page 51.
^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc.
ISBN
0-7864-0036-6 . Page 51.
^
"Silent Era : Progressive Silent Film List" .
^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc. Page 58.
ISBN
0-7864-0036-6 .
^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc.
ISBN
0-7864-0036-6 . Page 52.
^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 104.
ISBN
978-1936168-68-2 .
^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc.
ISBN
0-7864-0036-6 . Page 52.
^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc.
ISBN
0-7864-0036-6 . Page 52.
^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 98.
ISBN
978-1936168-68-2 .
^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 104.
ISBN
978-1936168-68-2 .
^ Kinnard,Roy (1995). "Horror in Silent Films". McFarland and Company Inc.
ISBN
0-7864-0036-6 . Page 52.
^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 104.
ISBN
978-1936168-68-2 .
^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 104.
ISBN
978-1936168-68-2 .
^ Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 105.
ISBN
978-1936168-68-2 .
^
"Gene Kelly | Biography, Movies, Songs, Singin' in the Rain, & Facts" . Encyclopedia Britannica . Retrieved 17 May 2021 .
^
"Eleanor Powell | American dancer and actress" . Encyclopedia Britannica . Retrieved 7 April 2019 .
External links