Events from the year 1744 in Canada .
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(December 2010 )
Historical documents
Alerting
Fort Albany to
war with France ,
Hudson's Bay Company orders readying of men and arms and getting "Trading Indians" to patrol daily
[4]
Louisbourg francophone man obtains
Council
warrant to capture chief and other "Chickinakady Indians" he says murdered crew of British ship
[5]
Council meets with
Saint John River Indigenous leaders who have heard rumours of British-French war and seek (and get)
assurances of peace
[6]
Duvivier 's force of 900 regular troops and militia from
Île-Royale
takes Canso from its 80-man garrison on May 13 and burns settlement
[7]
"Breaking the French measures;[...]timely Succours receiv'd [and] our French refusing to take up arms against us" halts
Annapolis attack
[8]
Nova Scotia Council reports that in June and August attacks, local
Acadians helped enemy "while we were entirely Deserted by them"
[9]
Word from Île-Royale is that 23 British fishing and commercial ships have been taken by large
schooner and five other
French privateers
[10]
New York governor George Clinton tells
Assembly he has increased defences (including
Six Nations
scouts ) at
Oswego ,
Saratoga and
Albany
[11]
In July and August,
Boston
privateer takes French ships on "
great banks ," plus other French fishers on northeast coast of
Newfoundland
[12]
Privateer brings in to Boston three French ships, including one carrying to Canada wine, brandy, iron and dry goods worth £8-9,000
[13]
Under
flag of truce , three vessels arrive at Boston from Île-Royale with 350 British prisoners taken from Canso and "sundry Vessels, &c."
[14]
French abhor
inhumanity of privateers who took New York ship by firing after it surrendered, including one "chew'd"
musket ball
[15]
New Hampshire privateer with Île-Royale prizes is attacked by "Indians on
Cape Sables ," and later by canoes (driven off by
swivel guns )
[16]
Report of arrival of 70-gun and three other French warships plus 18 armed merchant ships at Île-Royale with arms for Quebec-built warship
[17]
Duvivier orders
Minas Acadians to supply horses, handlers and gunpowder, and to pledge loyalty to French king (Note: "savages" used)
[18]
Nova Scotia commander
Mascarene reports skirmish and
tactical issues (including Indigenous fighters' "
sculking way of fighting ")
[19]
Acadians ask French not to take their meagre harvest and to withdraw, citing "mild" government they live under (Note: "savages" used)
[20]
In October, captured French privateer's crew is found to include "Irish Roman-catholick soldiers formerly of" Canso regiment
[21]
Nova Scotia Council allows
commandeering of vessel and equipment to counter "great body of Indians" threatening from Minas and
Chignecto
[22]
Massachusetts declares war on French-allied Indigenous peoples in November, and sets
bounties for scalps of men, women and children
[23]
Mascarene says loyal as well as disloyal Acadians "must unavoidably share in the trouble that military people generally bring with them"
[24]
Mascarene praises daughter of former
seigneur for her loyalty, but will not defend property of her disloyal family (Note: "savages" used)
[25]
Council hears of
Cobequid Acadians' loyalty and non-participation "in the last troubles " (except when forced to assist)
[26]
Annapolis River Acadians told loyalty includes supplying non-combatant personnel, no matter their fear of Indigenous people's "resentment"
[27]
Map: lands surrounding
Gulf of St. Lawrence and
lower St. Lawrence River
[28]
Dominique Nafréchoux of Montreal signs deed of
emancipation for his slave Dominique-François Mentor to take effect on his death
[29]
Joseph Robson wonders what keeps
Hudson's Bay Company from competing with French upriver, and then finds it hard going up
Nelson River
[30]
Minister to
Kanien’kéhà:ka reports having to calm them after "our restless Enemies the French" spread rumour of British attack
[31]
New Hampshire proclamation summons volunteers for expedition against
Cape Breton Island (Île-Royale)
[32]
Soldier's widow and step-mother of his children has to ask
Council 's permission to sell his property, as "none Other would Accept of that Office"
[33]
"There is a satisfaction even, in giving way to Grief" - On
duty in Belgium, young James Wolfe writes home about his soldier brother's death
[34]
References
^ Guéganic (2008), p. 13.
^
"George I" . Official web site of the British monarchy . 30 December 2015. Retrieved 18 April 2016 .
^ Brooks, Rebecca Beatrice.
"History of King George's War" . History of Massachusetts Blog . Retrieved 24 May 2024 .
^
Letter to Fort Albany (May 10, 1744), Report [on] the State and Condition of the Countries adjoining to Hudson's Bay [....] (1749), pgs. 266-7. Accessed 1 October 2021
^
Nova Scotia Council meeting (May 4, 1744), Nova Scotia Archives; Minutes of H.M. Council, 1736-1749, pgs. 44-6. Accessed 5 October 2021
^
"A Conference Held at Annapolis Royal" (May 5, 1744), Nova Scotia Archives; Minutes of H.M. Council, 1736-1749, pgs. 46-8. Accessed 5 October 2021
^ William Douglass,
"War was declared" A Summary, Historical and Political, of the [...]British Settlements in North-America (1755), pg. 318. Accessed 1 October 2021 (For details of Canso attack, see
"By a Person who was Master of a Vessel lately taken by the French at Canso" )
^
Mascarene's long, detailed account of war at Annapolis (in two parts; December 1744), Nova Scotia Documents; Acadian French, pgs. 140-50. Accessed 6 October 2021
^
"Representation of the State of His Majesties Province of Nova Scotia(...) (November 8, 1745), Nova Scotia Archives; Minutes of H.M. Council, 1736-1749, pgs. 80, 81-2. (See
detailed report of this fighting and appeal for help ) Accessed 5 October 2021
^
"Boston" The New-York Gazette (July 2, 1744), image 2. Accessed 6 October 2021
^
"Speech of His Excellency" The New-York Gazette (July 23, 1744), pg. 1. Accessed 6 October 2021
^
"End of July" A Summary, Historical and Political, of the [...]British Settlements in North-America (1755), pg. 339. Accessed 1 October 2021
^
"Boston" The New-York Gazette (August 20, 1744), image 3. Accessed 6 October 2021
^
"Boston September 20th" The New-York Gazette (October 1, 1744), image 2. Accessed 6 October 2021
^
"Capt. Samuel Richards in a Sloop from New-York" The New-York Gazette (October 1, 1744), image 3. Accessed 6 October 2021
^
"Boston" The New-York Gazette (October 29, 1744), image 3. Accessed 6 October 2021
^
"letter from Philadelphia" (September 8, 1744), Considerations on the State of the British Fisheries in America;[...]with Proposals for their Security, by the Reduction of Cape-Breton[....], pgs. 7 (bottom) - 8. Accessed 1 October 2021
^
"M. Du Vivier's order to the inhabitants of Mines, Piziquid, River Canard, and Cobequid" (translation; August 27, 1744), Nova Scotia Documents; Acadian French, pgs. 134-5. Accessed 6 October 2021
^
"Gov. Mascarene to Lords of Trade" (excerpt; September 25, 1744), Nova Scotia Documents; Acadian French, pgs. 133-4. Accessed 6 October 2021
^
"To M. De Ganne, Knight, Captain of infantry commanding(....)" (translation; October 10, 1744), Nova Scotia Documents; Acadian French, pg. 135. (
De Ganne complies ) Accessed 6 October 2021
^
"In October" A Summary, Historical and Political, of the [...]British Settlements in North-America (1755), pg. 340. Accessed 1 October 2021
^
Council meeting (December 8, 1744), Nova Scotia Archives; Minutes of H.M. Council, 1736-1749, pgs. 51-2. Accessed 5 October 2021
^
"As the Cape-Sable and St. John's Indians" A Summary, Historical and Political, of the [...]British Settlements in North-America (1755), pgs. 320-1. Accessed 1 October 2021 (See
Gov. Shirley's letter linking war declaration with Saint John River leaders' alleged treachery)
^
"Governor Mascarene to Deputies of Mines, Piziquid, and River Canard" (translation; October 13, 1744), Nova Scotia Documents; Acadian French, pg. 137. (See
warning to disloyal Chignecto and
rejection of their promised neutrality ) Accessed 6 October 2021
^
"Govr. Mascarene to Frances Belleisle Robishau" (translation; October 13, 1744), Nova Scotia Documents; Acadian French, pg. 136. Accessed 6 October 2021
^
Council meeting (December 11, 1744), Nova Scotia Archives; Minutes of H.M. Council, 1736-1749, pg. 52. Accessed 5 October 2021
^
Council meetings (December 21 and 28, 1744), Nova Scotia Archives; Minutes of H.M. Council, 1736-1749, pgs. 53-4. Accessed 5 October 2021
^ Jacques-Nicolas Bellin,
"A New Chart of the Coast of New England, Nova Scotia, New France or Canada, with the Islands of Newfoundland Cape Breton St. John's Etc." (1744-1775), McCord Museum. Accessed 6 October 2021
^
"Deed of Emancipation of a Black Slave, 1744" (in French with English transcript; September 30, 1744), Canadian Museum of History. Accessed 17 April 2022
^ Joseph Robson,
"The French settlements" An Account of Six Years Residence in Hudson's-Bay (1752), pgs. 18-19, 21-2. Accessed 1 October 2021
^
"While the Tribe of the Mohock Indians" (March 12, 1744), "New-York," A Sermon Preached before the Incorporated Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreigh Parts (1745), pgs. 45 (bottom) - 46. Accessed 1 October 2021
^ "By His Excellency Benning Wentworth[...]A Proclamation" (1744?)
https://www.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.60314/1?r=0&s=1 (this document is reproduced in segments, beginning
here )
^
"Copy Minute of Council on Wednesday March 7th, 1743/4" Nova Scotia Archives; Minutes of H.M. Council, 1736-1749, pgs. 41-2. Accessed 5 October 2021
^ Letter of James Wolfe (October 29, 1744), General Wolfe's Letters to His Parents. Accessed 7 October 2021
https://collections.library.utoronto.ca/view/wolfe:F7025 (swipe to F7025_0069_L014_01)
1744 in North America
Sovereign states Dependencies and other territories