The 13-Article Ordinance for the More Effective Governing of Tibet ( Chinese: 酌定西藏善後章程十三條) defined the political system of Tibet approved by the Qianlong Emperor of the Qing dynasty in 1751, the last imperial dynasty of China. [1]
In 1793, the 29-Article Ordinance for the More Effective Governing of Tibet was also published to define specific responsibilities of government officials including the Dalai Lama. [2] [3]
The political position of the Qing imperial residents ( ambans) were further strengthened in both ordinances. [4]