_Skuld.png) Modelled shape of Skuld from its
lightcurve | |
| Discovery [1] | |
|---|---|
| Discovered by | K. Reinmuth |
| Discovery site | Heidelberg Obs. |
| Discovery date | 2 September 1929 |
| Designations | |
| (1130) Skuld | |
Named after | Skuld ( Norse mythology) [2] |
| 1929 RC · 1928 FJ 1949 UD · 1962 LA A906 VC | |
| main-belt · Flora [3] | |
| Orbital characteristics [1] | |
| Epoch 4 September 2017 ( JD 2458000.5) | |
| Uncertainty parameter 0 | |
| Observation arc | 110.38 yr (40,316 days) |
| Aphelion | 2.6701 AU |
| Perihelion | 1.7864 AU |
| 2.2282 AU | |
| Eccentricity | 0.1983 |
| 3.33 yr (1,215 days) | |
| 173.35 ° | |
| 0° 17m 46.68s / day | |
| Inclination | 2.1677° |
| 216.13° | |
| 113.81° | |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Dimensions | 9.63±0.44 km
[4] 9.99 km (derived) [3] 10.125±0.092 km [5] 10.24±0.64 km [6] 11.009±0.091 km [7] |
| 4.73±0.02
h
[8] 4.807±0.002 h [9] 4.8079±0.0005 h [10] 4.810 h [a] | |
| 0.1995±0.0461
[7] 0.24 (assumed) [3] 0.244±0.033 [6] 0.302±0.031 [4] | |
| S [3] | |
| 12.0 [1] [4] · 12.10 [6] · 12.17 [3] [7] · 12.17±0.02 [9] | |
1130 Skuld, provisional designation 1929 RC, is a stony Florian asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 10 kilometers in diameter. It was named after Skuld from Norse mythology. [2]
Discovery
Skuld was discovered on 2 September 1929, by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth at Heidelberg Observatory in southwest Germany. [11] The body was independently discovered by astronomers and fellow countrymen Arnold Schwassmann and Arno Wachmann at the Hamburger Bergedorf Observatory ten nights later. [2]
It was first identified as A906 VC at Heidelberg in 1906, extending the asteroid's observation arc by 23 years prior to its official discovery observation. [11]
Orbit and classification
Skuld is a member of the Flora family, one of the largest groups of stony S-type asteroids in the main-belt. It orbits the Sun in the inner main-belt at a distance of 1.8–2.7 AU once every 3 years and 4 months (1,215 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.20 and an inclination of 2 ° with respect to the ecliptic. [1]
Naming
This minor planet was named after Skuld, one of the three Norns in Norse mythology. The asteroids 167 Urda and 621 Werdandi are named after the other two Norns. [2] Naming citation was first mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 ( H 110). [2]
Physical characteristics
Rotation period
In January 2004, the first rotational lightcurves of Skuld were obtained by Henk de Groot and by a group of Polish and French astronomers. Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of 4.73 and 4.8079 hours with a brightness variation of 0.46 and 0.40 magnitude, respectively ( U=2+/3-). [8] [10]
In 2009 and 2011, astronomers Robert Buchheim and Larry Robinson obtained two well-defined lightcurves from photometric observations. They gave a refined period of 4.810 and 4.807 hours with an amplitude of 0.50 and 0.26 magnitude, respectively ( U=3/3). [9] [a]
Diameter and albedo
According to the surveys carried out by the Japanese Akari satellite and NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, Skuld measures between 9.63 and 11.009 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.1995 and 0.302. [4] [5] [6] [7] The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes an albedo of 0.24 – derived from 8 Flora, the largest member and namesake of this orbital family – and calculates a diameter of 9.99 kilometers with an absolute magnitude of 12.17. [3]
Notes
- ^ a b Robinson (2011) web: rotation period 4.810 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.5 mag. Summary figures for (1130) Skuld at 2=Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link (CALL)
References
- ^ a b c d "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 1130 Skuld (1929 RC)" (2017-03-29 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 26 July 2017.
- ^ a b c d e Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(1130) Skuld". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 96. doi: 10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1131. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3.
- ^ a b c d e f "LCDB Data for (1130) Skuld". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 12 February 2017.
- ^ a b c d Masiero, Joseph R.; Mainzer, A. K.; Grav, T.; Bauer, J. M.; Cutri, R. M.; Nugent, C.; et al. (November 2012). "Preliminary Analysis of WISE/NEOWISE 3-Band Cryogenic and Post-cryogenic Observations of Main Belt Asteroids". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 759 (1): 5. arXiv: 1209.5794. Bibcode: 2012ApJ...759L...8M. doi: 10.1088/2041-8205/759/1/L8. Retrieved 12 February 2017.
- ^ a b Masiero, Joseph R.; Grav, T.; Mainzer, A. K.; Nugent, C. R.; Bauer, J. M.; Stevenson, R.; et al. (August 2014). "Main-belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE: Near-infrared Albedos". The Astrophysical Journal. 791 (2): 11. arXiv: 1406.6645. Bibcode: 2014ApJ...791..121M. doi: 10.1088/0004-637X/791/2/121. Retrieved 12 February 2017.
- ^ a b c d Usui, Fumihiko; Kuroda, Daisuke; Müller, Thomas G.; Hasegawa, Sunao; Ishiguro, Masateru; Ootsubo, Takafumi; et al. (October 2011). "Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan. 63 (5): 1117–1138. Bibcode: 2011PASJ...63.1117U. doi: 10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117. ( online, AcuA catalog p. 153)
- ^ a b c d Mainzer, A.; Grav, T.; Masiero, J.; Hand, E.; Bauer, J.; Tholen, D.; et al. (November 2011). "NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results". The Astrophysical Journal. 741 (2): 25. arXiv: 1109.6407. Bibcode: 2011ApJ...741...90M. doi: 10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90.
- ^ a b Behrend, Raoul. "Asteroids and comets rotation curves – (1130) Skuld". Geneva Observatory. Retrieved 12 February 2017.
- ^ a b c Buchheim, Robert K. (April 2010). "Lightcurve and Phase Curve of 1130 Skuld". The Minor Planet Bulletin. 37 (2): 41–42. Bibcode: 2010MPBu...37...41B. ISSN 1052-8091. Retrieved 12 February 2017.
- ^ a b Kryszczynska, A.; Colas, F.; Polinska, M.; Hirsch, R.; Ivanova, V.; Apostolovska, G.; et al. (October 2012). "Do Slivan states exist in the Flora family?. I. Photometric survey of the Flora region". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 546: 51. Bibcode: 2012A&A...546A..72K. doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/201219199. Retrieved 12 February 2017.
- ^ a b "1130 Skuld (1929 RC)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 12 February 2017.
External links
- Lightcurve Database Query (LCDB), at www.minorplanet.info
- Dictionary of Minor Planet Names, Google books
- Asteroids and comets rotation curves, CdR – Geneva Observatory, Raoul Behrend
- Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (1)-(5000) – Minor Planet Center
- 1130 Skuld at AstDyS-2, Asteroids—Dynamic Site
- 1130 Skuld at the JPL Small-Body Database
