Highly significant differences and dose-response relationships with regard to cigarettes smoked per day were found for
2-,
3- and
4-hydroxyphenanthrene and
1-hydroxypyrene, but not for 1-hydroxyphenanthrene.[4]
References
^PAH metabolites (1-hydroxyphenanthrene, 4-hydroxyphenanthrene, 9-hydroxyphenanthrene, 1-hydroxypyrene). The MAK Collection for Occupational Health and Safety, Biomonitoring Methods, Vol. 6 (
article)
^PAH Metabolites in Bile Fluids of Dab (Limanda limanda) and Flounder (Platichthys flesus): Spatial Distribution and Seasonal Changes. Ulrike Kammann, Environmental Science and Pollution Research - International, March 2007, Volume 14, Issue 2, pages 102-108,
doi:
10.1065/espr2006.05.308
^Urinary monohydroxylated phenanthrenes and hydroxypyrene – the effects of smoking habits and changes induced by smoking on monooxygenase-mediated metabolism. Heudorf U and Angerer J, International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, April 2001, Volume 74, Issue 3, pages 177-183,
doi:
10.1007/s004200000215